Composition and Structure of Silver-Indium Alloy Coatings Electrodeposited from Cyanide Electrolytes

Abstract

The electrodeposition of Ag-In alloys from cyanide electrolytes was investigated. The resulting coatings were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, and X-ray diffraction. The effect of current density on the structure and coating phase composition was established. With increasing current density heterogeneous, more indium-rich alloy coatings were deposited, containing different phases such as Ag, Ag 3 In, In 4 Ag 9 , and AgIn 2 . During electrodeposition in exhausted electrolytes, spatiotemporal structures were observed on the coating surface. A linear relationship between the concentration ratio of both metals in the electrolyte and the current density was found. According to this relation, the formation of spatiotemporal structures during electrodeposition in a fresh electrolyte is possible.

Rational Design of Ag‐Based Catalysts for the Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to CO: A Review

“…It was also reported that structure, morphology, size, and composition of the catalyst can lead to adsorption and decoupling site preferences of different adsorbates of C bound on the surface and further result in the breaking of the linear scaling relationships and tuning of the adsorption strength, eventually exerting a dramatic influence on the ECR performance . Indeed, in addition to polycrystalline and single‐crystalline Ag, some new A types have been developed and characterized recently, such as nanostructured Ag with different sizes, supported Ag catalysts with different substrates including C, TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , dopant‐aided Ag, oxide‐derived Ag, and surface‐modified Ag …”

“…[69,77,78] Indeed, in addition to polycrystalline and single-crystalline Ag, some new At ypes have been developed and characterized recently,s uch as nanostructured Ag with different sizes, [79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94] supported Ag catalysts with different substrates including C, TiO 2 ,A l 2 O 3 , [95][96][97] dopant-aided Ag, [98-120, 129, 130] oxide-derived Ag, [121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128] and surface-modified Ag. [131][132][133][134] In principle, the reduction of NP size can enhancet he surface reactivity of nanomaterials by either directly affecting the atomic arrangement, such as ratio of the atoms at the edge, corner, or surface, or amplifying the effects of other structural factors such as defects, resulting in the tuning of BEs of intermediates and transition states on catalyst surfaces. [56,80,49,56] In fact, size effects have been frequently reported in the ECR to CO by theoretical and experimental studies.…”

“…[70,74] Amongm any availablem etal electrodes, In exhibits relatively low catalytic activityf or the HER due to its high overpotential. [127][128][129] Moreover,i ti sr eported that Ag and In are easily miscible with each other to form corresponding intermetallic compounds (IMCs), [130][131][132][133] resulting in more prominent properties and therefore more fascinating catalytic capabilities, such as breaking the linear relationshipso fB Es by doping pblock element In into d-block element Ag. Based on above considerations, in addition to Ag-Cu alloys, Ag-In bimetallic NPs as catalysts have also been widely reported in the selective ECR to CO with the hope to enhancing the catalytic properties of Ag NPs.…”

Electrochemically Fabricated Alloys and Semiconductors Containing Indium

“…Dobrovolska et al 120,121) performed the electrodeposition of AgIn alloys under galvanostatic conditions. For the galvanostatic electrodeposition of AgIn, the current densities were between 0.2 and 1.1 A dm −2 .…”

Electrochemically Fabricated Alloys and Semiconductors Containing Indium

“…InPd alloy depositions were carried out using electrolytes of Pd 2+ , In 3+ , ammonium sulfate, monosodium citrate, ammonium chloride and saccharin in current densities of 50 to 150 A m −2 at a pH of 8.5 to 9.5, and at 20 o C. Alloys with constant indium contents of 20% were deposited. Dobrovolska et al 120,121) performed the electrodeposition of AgIn alloys under galvanostatic conditions. For the galvanostatic electrodeposition of AgIn, the current densities were between 0.2 and 1.1 A dm −2 .…”