Composition of gut microbiota and its association with body mass index and lifestyle factors in a cohort of 7–18 years old children from the American Gut Project

Bai, Jinbing; Hu, Yi‐Juan; Bruner, Deborah Watkins

doi:10.1111/ijpo.12480

Cited by 120 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Importantly, the recruited children came from similar lifestyles, the same ethnographic region and relatively homogeneous environments, making the effects of socioeconomic, cultural, and nationality not confounding factors. We consider this feature is important to minimize bias in our results, as reported in previous reports [45][46][47][48] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Gut Phageome Analysis Reveals Disease-Specific Hallmarks in Childhood Obesity

Bikel

López-Leal

Cornejo‐Granados

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Changes in the composition of the human gut microbiome are recognized to have a significant association with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Mexico leads worldwide childhood-obesity rankings representing an epidemic problem for public health. To this date, it is still unclear how the gut phageome, the bacteriophage component of the virome, influences childhood obesity and obesity with metabolic syndrome. We characterized the gut phageome of 28 school-age children with healthy normal-weight (NW), obese (O), and obese with metabolic syndrome (OMS) profiles, using metagenomic sequencing of virus-like particles (VLPs) from fecal samples. Viromes derived from VLPs were mainly dominated by Caudovirales, and only Inoviridae family was significantly increased in obesity. The three groups showed a similar number of VLPs, while a significant increase in phage richness and diversity was found in obesity groups compared NW. Few phage contigs dominated the phageome composition in NW, being increased in obesity groups. Interestingly, the majority of the phageome was shared among all individuals, establishing a core and common phageome, which abundances correlated with anthropometric and biochemical traits and bacteria previously associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. We also established a healthy core phageome shared in >80% of NW samples, with a decreased prevalence in the O and OMS groups. Our data support that changes in the gut phageome may contribute to obesity and metabolic syndrome development via bacterial dysbiosis. We consider the phageome characterization provides the basis for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing obesity and preventing metabolic syndrome development in obese children through potential phage manipulation. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the most in-depth sequenced dataset of human bacteriophages, demonstrating for the first time that alterations of the gut phageome characterize obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Gut Phageome Analysis Reveals Disease-Specific Hallmarks in Childhood Obesity

Bikel

López-Leal

Cornejo‐Granados

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Intra-variability can be due to infant transitions (i.e., birth gestational age [255], type of delivery [256], and methods of milk feeding [257]), age [201], and environmental factors such as antibiotic [258][259][260][261] usage. Furthermore, inter-variability of gut microbiota can be due to sex, enterotypes, body mass index (BMI), and external factors such as lifestyle, exercise frequency, ethnicity, dietary, and cultural habits [262,263]. This inter and intra-variability can complicate studies that aim to identify biomarkers and investigate the gut microbiome composition and function as group comparisons.…”

Section: Other Challenges Of Clinical Microbiome Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease: opportunities and challenges

et al. 2020

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Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common health problem worldwide and remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Over the past decade, it has become clear that the inhabitants of our gut, the gut microbiota, play a vital role in human metabolism, immunity, and reactions to diseases, including CAD. Although correlations have been shown between CAD and the gut microbiota, demonstration of potential causal relationships is much more complex and challenging. In this review, we will discuss the potential direct and indirect causal roots between gut microbiota and CAD development via microbial metabolites and interaction with the immune system. Uncovering the causal relationship of gut microbiota and CAD development can lead to novel microbiome-based preventative and therapeutic interventions. However, an interdisciplinary approach is required to shed light on gut bacterial-mediated mechanisms (e.g., using advanced nanomedicine technologies and incorporation of demographic factors such as age, sex, and ethnicity) to enable efficacious and high-precision preventative and therapeutic strategies for CAD. Key points The causal relationship between gut microbiota and CAD development has yet to be confirmed. It is imperative to understand the potential direct and indirect causal roots between gut microbiota and CAD development via microbial metabolites and interaction with the immune system. Dynamic elements including our diet and demographic factors such as age, sex, and ethnicity can also affect our gut microbiota and CAD development and complicate this matter. Interdisciplinary approaches are required to shed light on the factors involved in the modulation of gut microbiota and its association with CAD development. Elucidating the system-level multifaceted web of factors involved in microbiome-mediated mechanisms and human health and disease can guide novel preventative and therapeutic interventions for CAD.

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“…The excess of adipose tissue is the result of a multifactorial process including genetic and environmental factors with an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, which might lead to an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome, characterized by hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension [55]. Recent studies have focused on the association between body mass index (BMI) and GM composition [56,57]. In particular, Gao et al [56] investigated the fecal microbiome composition, profiled via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, on 551 participants categorized as underweight, normal, overweight, and obese, based on their BMI.…”

Section: Obesity and Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Gut–Joint Axis: The Role of Physical Exercise on Gut Microbiota Modulation in Older People with Osteoarthritis

Sire

Petito

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered one of the most common joint disorders worldwide and its prevalence is constantly increasing due to the global longevity and changes in eating habits and lifestyle. In this context, the role of gut microbiota (GM) in the pathogenesis of OA is still unclear. Perturbation of GM biodiversity and function, defined as ‘gut dysbiosis’, might be involved in the development of inflammaging, one of the main risk factors of OA development. It is well known that physical exercise could play a key role in the prevention and treatment of several chronic diseases including OA, and it is recommended by several guidelines as a first line intervention. Several studies have shown that physical exercise could modulate GM composition, boosting intestinal mucosal immunity, increasing the Bacteroidetes–Firmicutes ratio, modifying the bile acid profile, and improving the production of short chain fatty acids. Moreover, it has been shown that low intensity exercise might reduce the risk of gastrointestinal diseases, confirming the hypothesis of a strict correlation between skeletal muscle and GM. However, up to date, there is still a lack of clinical trials focusing on this research field. Therefore, in this narrative, we aimed to summarize the state-of-the-art of the literature regarding the correlation between these conditions, supporting the hypothesis of a ‘gut–joint axis’ and highlighting the role of physical exercise combined with adequate diet and probiotic supplements in rebalancing microbial dysbiosis.

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Composition of gut microbiota and its association with body mass index and lifestyle factors in a cohort of 7–18 years old children from the American Gut Project

Cited by 120 publications

References 31 publications

Gut Phageome Analysis Reveals Disease-Specific Hallmarks in Childhood Obesity

Gut Phageome Analysis Reveals Disease-Specific Hallmarks in Childhood Obesity

Gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease: opportunities and challenges

Gut–Joint Axis: The Role of Physical Exercise on Gut Microbiota Modulation in Older People with Osteoarthritis

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