Composition of wet and bulk deposition in Erzurum, Turkey

Bayraktar, Hanefi; Turalıoğlu, F. Sezer

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.013

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Enrichment factor analysis could present the ion accumulation in the wet deposition, and it is helpful in discriminating marine sources by comparison with seawater ion levels (Bayraktar and Turalioglu, 2005). The expression of calculating enrichment factors (EFs) is as follows:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large-scale spatial variability of major ions in the atmospheric wet deposition along the China–Antarctica transect (31°N–69°S)

Shi

Jiang

et al. 2012

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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A B S T R A C T Twenty-two atmospheric wet deposition samples were collected along the large-scale transect from China to Antarctica, and the major ion components as well as their sources were analysed. It is the first time that chemical composition variation of precipitation has been investigated on such a large-scale transect. The results show that the precipitations exhibit near-neutral pH on the average. On the whole, ionic levels on an equivalent basis are presented as Cl ( , and ionic contents of rainfall are generally higher compared with values of snowfall. Ionic concentrations vary greatly on the study transect, and the values of the Northern Hemisphere are relatively higher. Both enrichment factor and principal component analyses reveal that Cl ( , Na ' , K ' and Mg 2 ' are mainly related to sea salt, namely, the marine source. The good correlations between marine-sourced ions and wind speed indicate that seawater sprays are important sources of precipitation ions. Land-based sources, for example, human activities, are the primary sources of NO À 3 , NH þ 4 and Ca 2 ' . SO 2À 4 partly originates from sea salt, but anthropogenic and biogenic sources are also important contributors. Backward trajectories illustrate well the different main sources and transport routes of the precipitation ions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the world's rapid economic growth, an increasing consumption of fossil fuel results in emission of more air pollutants, of which S x O y and N x O y are the two major atmospheric contaminants (Bayraktar and Turalioglu, 2005). These gases could be converted to acids (mainly HNO 3 and H 2 SO 4 ) under a series of oxidation conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale spatial variability of major ions in the atmospheric wet deposition along the China–Antarctica transect (31°N–69°S)

Shi

Jiang

et al. 2012

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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“…At the city center, air flow usually increases in the spring but decreases in the winter. Average wind speed varies from 2.1 m s −1 in the winter months to 3.1 m s −1 in the summer months (Bayraktar and Turalioglu 2005). The city center is covered with snow during at least 4 months.…”

Section: Sampling Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

A multipoint (49 points) study of dry deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Erzurum, Turkey by using surrogated snow surface samplers

Bayraktar

Paloluoğlu

Turalıoğlu

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Dry deposition of atmospheric 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) components was investigated in the scope of the study by using surrogate snow samplers at 49 different sampling points in and around the city center of Erzurum, Turkey. Snow was sampled twice, the first of which was taken immediately after the first fresh snow cover and placed into aluminum trays to obtain dry deposition surface while the second sample was taken from the snow cover (accumulated snow) exposed to an 8-day dry deposition period and then analyzed and extracted. All the samples taken from the samplers were extracted using solid and liquid phase extraction and analyzed through GC-MS. It was observed that at the end of an 8-day dry period, snow samples enriched 5.5 times more in PAH components than the baseline. PAH deposition was determined to be influenced mainly by coal, mixed source, traffic, diesel fuel, and petrol fuel at 43, 27, 20, 8, and 2 % of sampling points, respectively. Local polluting sources were found to be effective on the spatial distribution of dry deposition of PAH components in urban area.

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“…Observations in mountain areas can provide insight into: a) long-range transport of air pollutants; b) impact of acid rain on alpine forests and their response to pollution; c) fog scavenging and aerosol removal from direct cloud impact with terrain slopes; d) role of orographic convection and its effects on precipitation; e) heterogeneous ice nucleation of various aerosol types (Wrzesinsky and Klemm, 2000;Avila and Rodà, 2002;Igawa et al, 2002;Thalmann et al, 2002;Baumgardner et al, 2003;Burkard et al, 2003;Bayraktar and Turalioglu, 2005;Kim et al, 2006;Fischer et al, 2007;Budhavant et al, 2009;Calvo et al, 2012;Pawar et al, 2012;Hallar et al, 2013;Li et al, 2014;Conen et al, 2015;Weiss-Penzias et al, 2015;Sarkar et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependence of Daily Aerosol Wet Deposition on Precipitation at Appalachian Mountains Site in the United States

Andronache

2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The wet removal of airborne particulates is a significant component of atmospheric deposition in the Eastern United States. This study analyzed the daily wet deposition of major ions at the Canaan Valley site in Appalachian Mountains in Eastern US, for the time interval 2000-2014. The site is part of the Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN), and is significantly impacted by acid precipitation, caused largely by anthropogenic sources of SO 2 and NO x . Results show that the precipitation rate, R, varies mainly in the interval [0.01-100] mm day -1 , and the daily wet deposition flux, F, varies about two orders of magnitude for most ions. The largest daily wet depositions are for SO 4 2-and NO 3 -with extreme values over 30 mg m -2 day -1 . In the case of NH 4 + , the largest daily wet depositions are over 10 mg m -2 day -1 . Seasonal variations are illustrated by contrasting the winter and summer. In general, there are much larger daily wet deposition fluxes in summer than in winter. For SO 4 2-there is more conversion of SO 2 to SO 4 2-in the gas phase and in cloud droplets during summer. Similarly, NH 4 + has a distinct seasonal variation with a maximum in summer, consistent with larger sources of NH 3 during the growth season. NO 3 -has a maximum concentration in precipitation during winter, and a maximum daily wet deposition flux during summer, especially during the most intense rain events. The Na + and Clions have the highest wet deposition in winter due to storms that bring air masses from Atlantic. Analysis shows that precipitation events are more frequent and more intense in summer than in winter. For the Canaan Valley, the summer precipitation events are effective in wet removal of aerosols providing episodes with some of the highest rates of acid deposition.

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Composition of wet and bulk deposition in Erzurum, Turkey

Cited by 33 publications

References 23 publications

Large-scale spatial variability of major ions in the atmospheric wet deposition along the China–Antarctica transect (31°N–69°S)

Large-scale spatial variability of major ions in the atmospheric wet deposition along the China–Antarctica transect (31°N–69°S)

A multipoint (49 points) study of dry deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Erzurum, Turkey by using surrogated snow surface samplers

Dependence of Daily Aerosol Wet Deposition on Precipitation at Appalachian Mountains Site in the United States

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