Composition, Structure, and Corrosion–Electrochemical Properties of Chromium Coatings Deposited from Chromium(III) Electrolytes Containing Formic Acid and Its Derivatives

Vykhodtseva, L. N.; Edigaryan, A. A.; Лубнин, Е. Н.; Polukarov, Yu. M.; Safonov, V. A.

doi:10.1023/b:ruel.0000023928.39077.6f

Cited by 28 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Vykhodtseva et al 12 observed that an amorphous carbon deposit was formed on a copper cathode during the electrodeposition of chromium from FA-containing baths, as a result of the reduction of FA. Its analysis by X-ray Emission Spectroscopy (XES) showed that it consisted mainly of chromium carbides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol through the reduction of formic acid on chromium

Kotoulas

Kyriacou

2017

J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol

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BACKGROUND Formic acid (FA) can be produced from CO2 by high rate and high percentage current efficiency (%CE) which exceeds 90% on some metals. This work aims at the electrochemical conversion of formic acid to methanol (MeOH) by a two‐ step process including the conversion of CO2 to formic acid in the first and the reduction of formic acid to MeOH in the second. RESULTS The main products of the electrochemical reduction of FA in 85% H3PO4, at 80°C on chromium were methyl formate (HCOOMe), MeOH and CH4. The rate of the reduction increased both by increasing the negative potential and the concentration of FA. The total %CE in all experiments exceeded 100% and this was attributed to the cathodic dissolution of chromium which provided an additional reduction capacity. The selectivity to MeOH and HCOOMe was between 89 and 98% and the highest current density was 13 mA cm−2, at –0.95 V. CONCLUSIONS FA is selectively reduced to MeOH and its secondary product HCOOMe on a Cr cathode. The experimental results showed that chromium is the most efficient cathode for the reduction of FA. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vykhodtseva et al . observed that an amorphous carbon deposit was formed on a copper cathode during the electrodeposition of chromium from FA‐containing baths, as a result of the reduction of FA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol through the reduction of formic acid on chromium

Kotoulas

Kyriacou

2017

J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol

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“…may be used. [6][7][8][9][10] The most important fact is that Cr(III) does not oxidise organic compounds. Although the pH in the bulk of the electrolyte may be about 1-2, the diffusion layer pH can reach four.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of chromium coatings and electrochemical behaviour with direct current and pulse current deposition in trivalent chromium formate urea bath as alternative to conventional Cr coatings

Mohan

Saravanan

Renganathan

2011

Surface Engineering

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Alternative process to hexavalent chromium (Cr) plating, substitute materials and new designs are urgently needed owing to the requirement of 'clean' manufacture. Trivalent Cr coatings with thickness of 29?7 mm, Hardness (HV 1131) and acceptable quality that can be used for wear resistance as well as corrosion resistance purposes were produced successfully in the present work. The results show that the coatings exhibited crack free surface and amorphous/ microcrystalline structure. The effect of direct current (DC) and pulse current (PC) on the thickness, hardness and current efficiencies were compared with DC and PC deposition. The Cr coatings were characterised by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy and Xray diffraction. The morphology of Cr deposits obtained in the formate urea electrolyte is a typical nodular and fine grained structure. As regards to the electrochemical behaviour, the deposited Cr by PC and DC coatings exhibited better corrosion resistance than the mild steel. Therefore, the electroplated Cr coatings are environmentally acceptable to replace the conventional Cr coatings.

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“…During the 1980s and 1990s, studies were performed on electrodeposition of chromium from trivalent chromium baths, most of which contained carboxylic acids. [23][24][25][26] Electrodeposition by pulse plating has been shown to have advantages over dc plating by producing deposition with reduction of porosity, lower gas content, high purity and deposits having low electrical resistance. [27][28][29][30] Crystalline morphology of the deposits is also controlled by the condition of pulsed electrolysis, [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] which affects the concentration of ionic species in the vicinity of the substrate for deposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of CH₃SO₃H and AlCl₃ in direct and pulse current electrodeposition of trivalent chromium

Mohan

Vijayakumar

Saravanan

2009

Surface Engineering

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Comparison of direct and pulse current electrodeposition of the trivalent chromium from urea formic acid as a complexing agent was studied in detail. The influences of CH 3 SO 3 H and AlCl 3 on the properties of the deposit were also studied. The presence of CH 3 SO 3 H exhibits higher current efficiency and better corrosion resistance because of its higher hydrogen overpotential. The pulse current electrodeposition leads to growth of b-Cr. The corrosion studies were conducted by potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The morphology of the deposits was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction.

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Composition, Structure, and Corrosion–Electrochemical Properties of Chromium Coatings Deposited from Chromium(III) Electrolytes Containing Formic Acid and Its Derivatives

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol through the reduction of formic acid on chromium

Conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol through the reduction of formic acid on chromium

Comparison of chromium coatings and electrochemical behaviour with direct current and pulse current deposition in trivalent chromium formate urea bath as alternative to conventional Cr coatings

Influence of CH₃SO₃H and AlCl₃ in direct and pulse current electrodeposition of trivalent chromium

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Composition, Structure, and Corrosion–Electrochemical Properties of Chromium Coatings Deposited from Chromium(III) Electrolytes Containing Formic Acid and Its Derivatives

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol through the reduction of formic acid on chromium

Conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol through the reduction of formic acid on chromium

Comparison of chromium coatings and electrochemical behaviour with direct current and pulse current deposition in trivalent chromium formate urea bath as alternative to conventional Cr coatings

Influence of CH3SO3H and AlCl3 in direct and pulse current electrodeposition of trivalent chromium

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Influence of CH₃SO₃H and AlCl₃ in direct and pulse current electrodeposition of trivalent chromium