Composition, Structure, and Properties of Oxide-Salt Melts

Densification additives for hydroxyapatite ceramics

“…As it has been established within the studies of clinker formation, metal chlorides, including CaCl 2 , decrease the interface energy in oxide melts thus acting as high-temperature surfactants. 28 Note that a real mechanism retarding grain growth may differ from just wetting of grains with a melt. A peritectic reaction of the type (6) (see Table 2 and Fig.…”

Fabrication of Ba-Ti-B-Si-O Glass-Ceramics for LTCC

“…Microstructure. Usually, molten method is common method in synthesis of various glassceramics materials [2], but the molten method has higher cost than pre-calcined method. The precalcined method is a simple and effective method to fabricate LTCC glass-ceramic materials with sintering temperature below 900˚C.…”

“…Recently, there is great interesting in the dielectric materials whose sintering temperature is below 900˚C for the co-fired technology with Ag electrode because the Ag can diffuse in interface when the sintering temperature exceeded 900ºC, the interfacial diffusion may reduce or destroy the performance of components. In fact, the sintering temperature of most ceramics materials is higher than 900˚C; hence the LTCC material systems always adopt the mode of glass + ceramics or glass-ceramics to decrease sintering temperature to meet the application requirements [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In this paper, LTCC materials are fabricated by high-temperature molten and pre-calcined method, and the phase compositions, microstructure and dielectric properties of the BaO-TiO 2 -B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 glass-ceramic materials are investigated.…”

Disperse systems in calcium hydroxyapatite ceramics technology

“…Considering different materials as disperse systems (DS) with defined properties allows applying the general principles of the existence of DS in technologies for different ceramic materials. An examination of preparation of the initial materials [1], molding [2, 3], and high-temperature treatment [4,5] in materials technology with consideration of the existence of disperse system and surface phenomena makes it possible to perfect existing technologies [6] and develop new materials [7], including nanoceramics [8,9].The basic stages in fabrication of ceramics are preparation of the initial components and molding and firing [10] or, in other words, preparation of the initial material in the form of powder or slip and consolidation [11]. Without any doubt, according to many determinations in ceramics, this concerns transforming the material from a granulated state to a monolithic state.…”

“…Considering different materials as disperse systems (DS) with defined properties allows applying the general principles of the existence of DS in technologies for different ceramic materials. An examination of preparation of the initial materials [1], molding [2,3], and high-temperature treatment [4,5] in materials technology with consideration of the existence of disperse system and surface phenomena makes it possible to perfect existing technologies [6] and develop new materials [7], including nanoceramics [8,9].…”