Composition-Tailoring of ZnO-Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite as Bioactive and Antibacterial Coating

Abstract

Overcoming postimplantation infections is considered as a major challenge in medicine, where continuous efforts have been invested in developing bactericidal functional coatings. The synergic combination of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and ZnO holds beneficial properties, such as excellent bioactivity that is reinforced with its antibacterial nature. Here, highly phase tunable pure ZnO-HAp nanocomposite coatings were fabricated via electrophoretic deposition. HAp and ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized separately, dispersed simultaneously, and coelectrophoretically deposited onto a titanium substrate. By manipulating the deposition potentials, a single-stage graded-coating of ZnO-HAp was successfully obtained. In addition, by controlling the composition of the nanomaterials in the dispersions, we managed to precisely tailor composite coatings with a dictated phase ratio between ZnO and HAp. In vitro studies, bioactivity, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial tests, showed excellent performance by enhancing the mineralization of the coating and improving cells proliferation while successfully eradicating E. coli bacteria.

Hydrothermal Fabrication of Spindle-Shaped ZnO/Palygorskite Nanocomposites Using Nonionic Surfactant for Enhancement of Antibacterial Activity

“…The zeta potentials of PAL, ZnO/PAL, ZnO/PAL-1 and ZnO/PAL-2 were −16.2, −20.2, −26.8 and −21.0 mV, respectively. It is worth noting that the surface charge of the model bacterium is electronegativity, and the sulfur and oxygen groups contained unshared electron pairs, which played a role in the bactericidal process [33,40]. All of the samples exhibited negative charge with the different values, which might exhibit some differences in the killing efficiency toward different kinds of bacteria.…”

“…More interestingly, the obtained samples showed different antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus under the same condition, and also the same samples (ZnO/PAL-2) exhibited better antibacterial activity towards E. coli than S. aureus . The difference of antibacterial effect between two kinds of microorganisms may well be attributed to the different structures and chemical compositions of the cell surfaces [9,10,40]. The cell wall composition of E. coli is protein and lipopolysaccharide, with a loose structure and a thickness of generally 10 to 13 nm.…”

Recent Innovations in Bacterial Infection Detection and Treatment

“…Contact-killing surfaces are specifically engineered to elicit a stress response in bacteria upon interaction, leading to cell death. These surfaces can employ various tethered antibacterial agents including nanodiamonds, AmPs, − antimicrobial polymers, small molecules, and NPs. − Optimized shape, orientation, and material properties can also facilitate puncturing of bacterial cell membranes . Other surface modifications utilize ionic interactions to create disturbances in the bacterial membrane.…”

“…Other surface modifications utilize ionic interactions to create disturbances in the bacterial membrane. These ionic interactions can be facilitated through AmP brushes, interactions with antimicrobial polymers in coatings such as poly- l -lysine, ,, or coatings with embedded salts and metals. , Adsorption and fouling of nonmicrobial content including host proteins and stimulation of the foreign body response, however, can reduce the antibacterial properties of many existing coatings. , Changing coating composition and improving fabrication to reduce defects can help overcome this limitation.…”

Removal of Lindane from Aqueous Solution Using Aluminum Hydroxide Nanoparticles with Surface Modification by Anionic Surfactant

“…Therefore, surface modification of α-Al(OH) 3 is necessary to change the hydrophobicity of the adsorbent. Surface modification by different methods and chemicals is a powerful tool for fine-tuning the properties of various materials for different applications, such as hydroxyapatite [16], polybenzimidazone/polydopamine [17], biophenol coating [18] and corn oil [19]. Surfactants are amphoteric substances that contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic components.…”