Compositional analysis and toxicity of four plant essential oils to different stages of Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Abstract

SummaryExperiments were conducted to investigate the biological effects of essential oils from basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), paprika (Capsicum annuum L.), peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) on the different stages of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Essential oils were obtained by Clevenger-type water distillation and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The doses of the essential oils applied were 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 μl L -1 air. The major compounds of the essential oils were detected as linalool (63.1%), capsaicin (35.4%), menthol (28.3%) and cineole (25.7%), in basil, paprika, peppermint, and rosemary oils, respectively. The essential oil of paprika caused the highest mortality of first instar larvae of E. kuehniella at a dose of 5 μl L -1 air after 24 h exposure. Among the tested different stages, larvae of E. kuehniella were the most tolerant of essential. Basil, paprika, peppermint and rosemary oils exhibited toxicity to adult stages of E. kuehniella with 100% mortality obtained after 24 h at dose of 100, 5, 20 and 10 µl L -1 air, respectively. Increasing the doses of essential oils resulted in increased toxicity to all stages of E. kuehniella. In conclusion, the four plants essential oils tested in this study have potential for use in the management of the stored-product pest, E. kuehniella. Keywords: Ephestia kuehniella, essential oil, GC-MS, insecticidal activity, mortality ÖzetBu çalışma fesleğen, Ocimum basilicum L., nane, Mentha x piperita L., biberiye, Rosmarinus officinalis L., biber, Capsicum annuum L. uçucu yağlarının Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)'nın farklı gelişim evreleri üzerine gösterdikleri biyolojik etkinlikleri araştırmak için yapılmıştır. Uçucu yağlar Clevenger cihazında su distilasyonu yöntemiyle elde edilmiş olup, analizleri ise gaz kromatografisi kütle spektrometresi ile yapılmıştır. 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 μl L -1 hava dozlarında uçucu yağ uygulanmıştır. Fesleğen, nane, biberiye ve biberde en çok bulunan bileşikler sırasıyla linalool (% 63.1), capsaicin (% 35.4), menthol (% 28.3) ve cineole (% 25.7)'dir. Biberin uçucu yağı 5 μl L -1 hava dozda 24 saatte E. kuehniella'nın birinci dönem larvalarında en yüksek ölüme neden olmuştur. Test edilen farklı gelişme evreleri arasında bütün uçucu yağlara karşı en toleranslı gelişme evresi E. kuehniella larvası olmuştur. E. kuehniella ergininin %100 ölümü 24 saatte maruz bırakma süresinde fesleğen, nane, biberiye ve biber uçucu yağlarının sırasıyla 100, 5, 20, 10 µl L -1 hava dozlarında elde edilmiştir. Uçucu yağların artan dozları E. kuehniella'nın bütün evrelerinde toksik etkinin artmasına neden olmuştur. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada test edilen 4 bitki uçucu yağlarının depolanmış ürün zararlısı, E. kuehniella'nın mücadelesinde kullanılabilecek potansiyele sahip olabileceği görülmüştür.Anahtar sözcükler: Ephestia kuehniella, uçucu yağ, GC-MS, insektisidal aktivite, ölüm

Insecticidal and Genotoxic effects of some indigenous plant extracts in Culex quinquefasciatus Say Mosquitoes

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“…The combination of A. aspera and Bti showed low LC 50 (137, 49 and 8 ppm; p < 0.05) at24,48 and 72 h, respectively. However, the combination of Pseudomonas and A. aspera showed very high LC 50 (>250 ppm) at 24 h and, moderate to high LC 50 (213 and 111 ppm; p > 0.05) was found at 48 and 72 h, respectively.…”

Arthropods and ultraviolet radiation: Survival, growth and development

“…These studies have used UV-C, sometimes in combination with UV-A, and most have not stated the doses used. Typical of these studies are those of Güven et al (2015) and Azizoglu et al (2011). Güven et al (2015) studied the effect of UV-C and UV-A on the larvae of E. kuehniella and found that mortality increased with increasing exposure times, with UV-C being more effective than UV-A.…”

“…With the aim of developing an alternative control method to the use of chemical pesticides, several studies have been undertaken on members of the Pyralidae including Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller 1879) (Azizoglu et al, 2011; Güven et al, 2015; Mirshekar et al, 2020); Cadra cautella (Walker 1863) (Faruki et al, 2007) and cited as Ephestia cautella in Calderon and Navarro (1971), Sorungbe et al (2016) and Saad and Mahdi (2017); and Plodia interpunctella (Hübner 1813) (Bakhshi et al, 2020; Bruce, 1975). With the same aim, Moharramipour et al (2011) worked on Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier 1789), a gelechiid.…”

“…Güven et al (2015) studied the effect of UV‐C and UV‐A on the larvae of E. kuehniella and found that mortality increased with increasing exposure times, with UV‐C being more effective than UV‐A. Azizoglu et al (2011) used eggs and found a significant effect of UV‐C on mortality but little effect of UV‐A. Calderon and Navarro (1971) studied the effects of UV‐C for various durations on the eggs of E. cautella .…”