Compositional Model Checking of Consensus Protocols Specified in TLA+ via Interaction-Preserving Abstraction

Gu, Xiaosong; Cao, Wenming; Zhu, Yicong; Song, Xuan; Huang, Yu; Ma, Xiaoqian

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2202.11385

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This is worthwhile to mention that Palina Tolmach et al in their survey (Tolmach et al, 2021) revealed that reasoning about the functional correctness of smart contracts across all domains is frequently done using a combination of contract-level models, specifications, and model checking. Gu et al (2022) used the interactive preserving abstraction (IPA) framework to verify the performance of two blockchain consensus protocols Raft and PRaft with compositional model checking using TLA + language. The set of properties verified are as follows: single leader and leader completeness, singleLeader, and leaderCompleteness blockchain.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formal verification of the pub-sub blockchain interoperability protocol using stochastic timed automata

Alam,

Halder,

Maiti

2023

Front. Blockchain

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In recent times, the research on blockchain interoperability has gained momentum, enabling the entities from different heterogeneous blockchain networks to communicate with each other seamlessly. Amid the proliferation of blockchain ventures, for ensuring the correctness of inter-blockchain communication protocols, manual checking and testing of all the potential pitfalls and possible inter-blockchain interactions are rarely possible. To ameliorate this, in this paper, we propose a systematic approach to model and formally verify the real-time properties of the pub-sub interoperability protocol, with a special focus on message communication through API calls among publishers, subscribers, and brokers. In particular, we use stochastic timed automata for its modeling, and we prove its correctness with respect to a number of relevant properties using model checking—more specifically, the UPPAAL-SMC model checker. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proposal of its kind to formally verify the blockchain pub-sub interoperability protocol using model checking.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formal verification of the pub-sub blockchain interoperability protocol using stochastic timed automata

Alam,

Halder,

Maiti

2023

Front. Blockchain

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“…Here, author identified state change issue from candidate to follower in formal TLA∔ specification of Raft. In [88] interactive preserving abstraction (IPA) framework is used for verification of RAFT using TLA∔ language. In Raft protocol leader election and log replication, two phase has been identified.…”

Section: Formal Approach In Consensus Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of Formal Methods in Blockchain Consensus Mechanism and Its Associated Protocols

2022

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As the size of data is increasing exponentially, its security is a major concern, emerging technology like blockchain is used to provide security. Since the inception of blockchain, it has been adopted by researchers and industry, however, it gained enormous attention after cryptocurrency. It can be defined as a means of storing information in such a way that modification and hacking the system is difficult or impossible. A blockchain is a decentralized ledger that is digital and public, consisting of records of transactions called blocks. A consensus technology assures that all nodes agree on a unique sequence for appending blocks. A comprehensive examination of these algorithms will aid in understanding how and why each blockchain operates in the manner that it does. In this study, we addressed extensively used consensus techniques in the blockchain and the importance of consensus protocol in blockchain technology. The underlying consensus algorithm is a critical component of every blockchain system which determine the performance and security of the system. Ensuring the correctness of consensus protocols is uttermost important to create trust in the blockchain-based systems and formal methods are the way to create that trust and develop correct and verified systems. Formal modeling is a method of writing a system mathematically and examining the correctness and verifying the developed system. This study analyzed the importance of consensus mechanisms and how formal methods are helping to develop a correct blockchain-based system. This paper is a rigorous study on the current scenario of the application of formal methods in the consensus mechanism of blockchain for their verification.

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“…If the elected leader is incapacitated, the cluster may remain unreachable until a replacement is chosen or the incumbent is re-elected. In [43], The TLAu modeling language was used to create formal models of this situation, which were then validated using the TLC model checker. Successfully testing complicated systems by verifying models has been shown.…”

Section: A Formal Approach For Consensus Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Formal Approach and Techniques Applied to Understand and Improve the Blockchain

Sharma¹

2022

IJRASET

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With data volumes expected to expand exponentially in the next years, protecting that data is critical. To ensure the reliability of the system, we use cutting-edge tools like blockchain. It wasn't until the advent of bitcoin, however, that a sizable portion of the population took notice of blockchain technology. Since its inception, blockchain technology has been used in the academic community and by businesses. What this means is that the information is being stored in a way that makes tampering and unauthorized access very difficult. Blocks, an abbreviation for "blockchain," a digital public ledger, are used to record monetary transactions. All nodes will eventually agree on the same sequence of block attachments, and this is achieved by a process termed "consensus." Learning about the inner workings of each blockchain and the rationale for its unique style of operation is possible via a thorough examination of these algorithms. In this study, I examined and contrasted the different consensus mechanisms now in use with consensus protocols, analyzing their relative relevance in blockchain development. The consensus algorithm behind any specific blockchain-based system is crucial to the reliability and safety of that system. Formal approaches may be used to both increase users' trust in blockchain-based systems and design thoroughly tested and trustworthy solutions. To achieve this level of confidence, consensus methods must be effective. Formal modeling is developing a system in a mathematical language, then thoroughly testing and inspecting it to ensure its correctness. This study examined consensus processes and the role formal approaches play in this space to help with the construction of a trustworthy blockchain-based system. To ensure the accuracy of such procedures, this article discusses the current state of applying formal methods to the blockchain consensus process.

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Compositional Model Checking of Consensus Protocols Specified in TLA+ via Interaction-Preserving Abstraction

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Formal verification of the pub-sub blockchain interoperability protocol using stochastic timed automata

Formal verification of the pub-sub blockchain interoperability protocol using stochastic timed automata

Introduction of Formal Methods in Blockchain Consensus Mechanism and Its Associated Protocols

The Use of Formal Approach and Techniques Applied to Understand and Improve the Blockchain

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