Compound Class Specific 14C Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Associated with PM10 and PM1.1 Aerosols from Residential Areas of Suburban Tokyo

Kumata, Hidetoshi; Uchida, Masao; Sakuma, Eisuke; Uchida, Tatsuo; Fujiwara, Kitao; Tsuzuki, Mikio; Yoneda, Minoru; Shibata, Yasuyuki

doi:10.1021/es052407f

Cited by 52 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For other emission sources, contributions of biomass burning, for example, can be higher. Kumata et al (2006) elucidated that the contribution of biomass burning was several tens of percent to the total atmospheric aerosols even in the urban area (Tokyo metropolitan area). On the other hand, for nitro-PAHs, especially for 1-NP, the formation of the nitro derivatives would be lower for biomass burning, and the major sources of nitro-PAHs can reasonably be assumed to be from diesel vehicle emissions (Tang et al 2005).…”

Section: Comparison Between Atmospheric Emission and Sedimentation Lomentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitro-PAHs and PAHs in Atmospheric Particulate Matters and Sea Sediments in Hiroshima Bay Area, Japan

Ozaki

Takemoto²,

Kindaichi

2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Atmospheric and sea sediment concentrations were measured for eight nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) and three unsubstituted PAHs in a suburban area and sea sediments in the Hiroshima Bay watershed area, Japan, from July to December, 2006 (atmospheric particulate matter) and in September and November, 2004 (sea sediments). Atmospheric concentration was higher in winter than summer for both nitro-PAHs and PAHs. Concentrations in sea sediments were less than 10%, and pattern was similar to those of atmospheric particles. Several combustion emission sources were also measured, and the 1-NP/Pyr ratio was compared to environmental values. The ratio of atmospheric and sea sediments were significantly lower than diesel particulate matters. Further, the vehicle emission loading and sea sedimentation loading was evaluated in this watershed area, and from the comparison, the existence of other important sources PAHs were suggested.

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Section: Comparison Between Atmospheric Emission and Sedimentation Lomentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitro-PAHs and PAHs in Atmospheric Particulate Matters and Sea Sediments in Hiroshima Bay Area, Japan

Ozaki

Takemoto²,

Kindaichi

2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…For bulk carbon, contemporary sources can include both biogenic emission and biomass combustion sources, so these results can only be used to define contribution of fossil fuel combustion sources including motor vehicles and power generation. Advances in molecular-level radiocarbon analysis (Eglinton et al, 1996) have allowed compound class-specific radiocarbon analysis (CCSRA) of atmospheric PAHs (Mandalakis et al, 2005;Zencak et al, 2007b;Kumata et al, 2006). These studies have revealed geographic differences in fossil vs. modern biomass sources of PAH across Europe and in Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have revealed geographic differences in fossil vs. modern biomass sources of PAH across Europe and in Japan. The study from Japan is compelling as it indicates the importance of isolating individual PAHs for compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) by revealing differences in the contribution from biomass burning between pooled low versus high molecular weight PAHs (Kumata et al, 2006). These results combined with emission source profiles suggest that source contributions would not be uniform for all PAHs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source apportionment of elevated wintertime PAHs by compound-specific radiocarbon analysis

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Natural abundance radiocarbon analysis facilitates distinct source apportionment between contemporary biomass/biofuel ( 14 C "alive") versus fossil fuel ( 14 C "dead") combustion. Here, the first compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was demonstrated for a set of samples collected in Lycksele, Sweden a small town with frequent episodes of severe atmospheric pollution in the winter. Renewed interest in using residential wood combustion (RWC) means that this type of seasonal pollution is of increasing concern in many areas. Five individual/paired PAH isolates from three pooled fortnight-long filter collections were analyzed by CSRA: phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[b+k]fluoranthene and indeno[cd]pyrene plus benzo[ghi]perylene; phenanthrene was the only compound also analyzed in the gas phase. The measured 14 C for PAHs spanned from −138.3‰ to 58.0‰. A simple isotopic mass balance model was applied to estimate the fraction biomass (f biomass ) contribution, which was constrained to 71-87% for the individual PAHs. Indeno[cd]pyrene plus benzo[ghi]perylene had an f biomass of 71%, while fluoranthene and phenanthrene (gas phase) had the highest biomass contribution at 87%. The total organic carbon (TOC, defined as carbon remaining after removal of inorganic carbon) f biomass was estimated to be 77%, which falls within the range for PAHs. This CSRA data of atmospheric PAHs established that RWC is the dominating source of atmospheric PAHs to this region of the boreal zone with some variations among RWC contributions to specific PAHs.

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“…After dispersion, PAHs accumulate on ground surfaces and discharge into water bodies with rain. The behavior of PAHs has been extensively studied in atmospheric and aquatic environments (Takada et al, 1990;Baek et al, 1991;Sharma et al, 1994;Lee et al, 1995;Wan et al, 2006;Kumata et al, 2006). Still, the relation of the source and environmental fate has not been well clarified yet.…”

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confidence: 99%

Estimation of river discharge loadings of PAHs in a suburban river in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan

Iwasaki

Ozaki

Kojima

et al. 2009

J. of Wat. & Envir. Tech.

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The PAHs loadings on river discharge was estimated based on consecutive measurements during rainfall and non-rainfall periods at a river in a suburban area in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. The PAH concentrations ranged from 12 to 58 ng L -1 for dissolved PAHs, and from 8 to 105 ng L -1 for particulate PAHs on rainy periods. In non-rainy periods, they ranged from 10 to 58 ng L -1 for dissolved PAHs, and from 4 to 418 ng L -1 for particulate PAHs. PAH concentrations on non-rainy periods were stable for diurnal and seasonal terms. The dissolved PAH concentration was negatively correlated with EC and the particulate PAH concentration was negatively correlated with SS concentration. The yearly loading amount of PAHs was calculated with the data of river flow rate and PAH concentration, and the calculated yearly PAHs specific loading in the River on rainy days was 37 µg m -2 year -1 and the loading in non-rainy days was 29 µg m -2 year -1 . The total loading was 66 µg m -2 year -1 . From these estimations and our previous studies, the atmospheric loadings and river discharge were compared. From the comparison, the order of the loading from river basin area was comparable to this from atmospheric loadings.Keywords: atmospheric deposition, PAHs, rainfall, river discharge. INTRODUCTIONPAHs are a group of organic compounds consisting of two or more fused benzene rings, and they are noticed due to carcinogenicity and mutagen city (Dipple 1985;Vinggaard et al, 2000;Xue and Warshawsky, 2005). PAHs are mostly produced in the combustion process of fossil fuels and are emitted into the atmosphere. After dispersion, PAHs accumulate on ground surfaces and discharge into water bodies with rain. The behavior of PAHs has been extensively studied in atmospheric and aquatic environments (Takada et al, 1990;Baek et al, 1991;Sharma et al, 1994;Lee et al, 1995;Wan et al, 2006;Kumata et al, 2006). Still, the relation of the source and environmental fate has not been well clarified yet. In our previous study (Ozaki, 2006;Ozaki et al (2006Ozaki et al ( , 2007), the behavior of PAHs in Hiroshima Bay area was quantitatively investigated, and it was found that there was a major difference in PAHs loadings between the road traffic emission and the atmospheric deposition or the particle sedimentation on seabed. In order to consider the gap in PAHs loadings between road traffic loadings and environmental discharges, PAHs river discharges were investigated in this study. At a river in suburban areas in Hiroshima Prefecture, PAH concentrations were measured in rainy days and non-rainy days to examine the short-or long-term variations in PAH concentrations. Flow rate and other basic water qualities were also measured in the river, and their dependencies on PAH concentrations were investigated. From the measurements, the factors affecting the discharges were modeled for daily basis, and the total loadings were summed for one year. Further, from the comparison of the loadings

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Compound Class Specific ¹⁴C Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Associated with PM₁₀ and PM_1.1 Aerosols from Residential Areas of Suburban Tokyo

Cited by 52 publications

References 27 publications

Nitro-PAHs and PAHs in Atmospheric Particulate Matters and Sea Sediments in Hiroshima Bay Area, Japan

Nitro-PAHs and PAHs in Atmospheric Particulate Matters and Sea Sediments in Hiroshima Bay Area, Japan

Source apportionment of elevated wintertime PAHs by compound-specific radiocarbon analysis

Estimation of river discharge loadings of PAHs in a suburban river in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan

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