Comprehensive analysis of Mn:PIN-PMN-PT single crystals for Class IV flextensional transducer

Design of Piezoelectric Acoustic Transducers for Underwater Applications

“…In addition, the active material was composed of PZT, a type of piezoelectric ceramic, and single crystals, and their acoustic characteristics were compared. In this study, a relatively flat section was derived from the frequency response characteristics of low frequency transducers [ 47 ].…”

“… Distribution by transducer type: ( a ) transmitting characteristics by year, ( b ) receiving characteristics by year, ( c ) transmitting response by size, ( d ) receiving response by size, ( e ) transmitting by array, ( f ) receiving by array, ( g ) transmitting response affected by piezoelectric material composition, and ( h ) receiving response affected by piezoelectric material composition [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 …”

Recent Developments on Relaxor-PbTiO3 Ferroelectric Crystals

“…Low heat generation was also observed in other types of underwater acoustic devices when using Mn-doped single crystal. For instance, a Mn: PIN-PNM-PT flextensional transducer exhibits lower heat generation than unmodified single crystals and PZT polycrystals [185].…”

“…Low heat generation was also observed in other types of underwater acoustic devices when using Mn-doped single crystal. For instance, a Mn: PIN-PNM-PT flextensional transducer exhibits lower heat generation than unmodified single crystals and PZT polycrystals [185]. Relaxor-PT single crystals were confirmed to be suitable for use in a number of medical applications, including ultrasound diagnostic imaging, ultrasound therapy, and high Medical transducers operate at higher frequencies than their underwater acoustic counterparts [2,136].…”