Comprehensive analysis of the air quality impacts of switching a marine vessel from diesel fuel to natural gas

Peng, Weihan; Yang, Jiacheng; Corbin, Joel C.; Trivanovic, Una; Lobo, Prem; Kirchen, Patrick; Rogak, Steven N.; Gagné, S.; Miller, John W.; Cocker, David R.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115404

Cited by 33 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Ushakov et al [12] report average methane emission of 5.26 g/kWh based on on-board measurements. Peng et al [6] also did on-board studies and reported methane levels of 3.7-25.5 g/kWh, the lowest level corresponding to highest engine load and the highest methane level corresponding to engine load of 25%. They also publish the actual methane concentration of 1000 ppm at 90% engine load and higher concentrations at lower engine loads.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Formaldehyde, HCHO, is defined as carcinogenic substance and contribute also to other severe health effects, such as asthma, see, e.g., [31,32]. Therefore it is important to also consider the HCHO increase by LNG use (e.g., [6]), especially in coastal areas. In the present study, formaldehyde measurements were employed and showed that the MOC very effectively (by 95-99%) reduced the formaldehyde emissions and practically no decrease was found in the formaldehyde oxidation efficiency during the catalyst ageing studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With LNG both SO x and NO x regulations of IMO can be achieved without any need for after-treatment, since NG is nearly sulfur free resulting in very minor/no SO x emissions while lower NO x levels (compared to diesel) can be achieved due to low combustion temperature of natural gas (in lean-burn conditions). In addition, particle emissions from natural gas combustion are low and only minor black carbon is formed from NG combustion [5][6][7]. Moreover, CO 2 emission is lower with NG use compared to diesel fuels, which is because NG is mainly composed of methane with a higher H/C ratio compared to diesel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peng et al [6] studied the impacts of switching a marine vessel from diesel fuel to natural gas. They showed that the GHG impact of NG compared to diesel is higher especially on lower engine load cases while at higher loads (>75%) the GHG impact is comparable to diesel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance and Regeneration of Methane Oxidation Catalyst for LNG Ships

Lehtoranta

Koponen

Vesala

et al. 2021

JMSE

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Liquefied natural gas (LNG) use as marine fuel is increasing. Switching diesel to LNG in ships significantly reduces air pollutants but the methane slip from gas engines can in the worst case outweigh the CO2 decrease with an unintended effect on climate. In this study, a methane oxidation catalyst (MOC) is investigated with engine experiments in lean-burn conditions. Since the highly efficient catalyst needed to oxidize methane is very sensitive to sulfur poisoning a regeneration using stoichiometric conditions was studied to reactivate the catalyst. In addition, the effect of a special sulfur trap to protect the MOC and ensure long-term performance for methane oxidation was studied. MOC was found to decrease the methane emission up to 70–80% at the exhaust temperature of 550 degrees. This efficiency decreased within time, but the regeneration done once a day was found to recover the efficiency. Moreover, the sulfur trap studied with MOC was shown to protect the MOC against sulfur poisoning to some extent. These results give indication of the possible use of MOC in LNG ships to control methane slip emissions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance and Regeneration of Methane Oxidation Catalyst for LNG Ships

Lehtoranta

Koponen

Vesala

et al. 2021

JMSE

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“…However, at the same time, the folmaldehyde (HCHO), carbon monoxide (CO), and CH 4 outflow increased severalfold. 3 The contribution of unburnt methane should not be neglected when considering the GHG emissions and emission reduction agreements from the shipping traffic. Increased CH 4 emission results in difficulties with emission reductions of greenhouse gases.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Methane Emissions Originating from LNG Ships Based on the Measurements at a Remote Marine Station

Grönholm

Mäkelä

Hatakka

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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We analyzed pollution plumes originating from ships using liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a fuel. Measurements were performed at a station located on the Utö island in the Baltic Sea during 2015–2021 when vessels passed the station along an adjacent shipping lane and the wind direction allowed the measurements. The ratio of the measured concentration peaks ΔCH4/ΔCO2 ranged from 1% to 9% and from 0.1% to 0.5% for low and high pressure dual fuel engines, respectively. The ratio of the measured concentration peaks of ΔNO x /ΔCO2 varied between 0.5‰ and 8.7‰, which was not explained by engine type. The results were consistent with previously measured on-board or test-bed values for the corresponding ratios of emissions. While the methane emissions from high pressure dual fuel engines were found to fulfill the goal of reducing the climatic impacts of shipping, the emissions originating from low pressure dual fuel engines were found to be substantially high, with a potential for increased climatic impacts compared with using traditional marine fuels. Taking only the global warming potential into account, we can suggest a limit value for the methane emissions; the ratio of the emissions ΔCH4/ΔCO2 originating from LNG powered ships should not exceed 1.4%.

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Necessity of Ecological Efficiency Indicator Modal of Air Pollutants and Emissions from Ships in Maritime Transportation: Policy Perspective

ÇALIŞKAN>

Zincir

2023

Springer Proceedings in Energy

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Comprehensive analysis of the air quality impacts of switching a marine vessel from diesel fuel to natural gas

Cited by 33 publications

References 40 publications

Performance and Regeneration of Methane Oxidation Catalyst for LNG Ships

Performance and Regeneration of Methane Oxidation Catalyst for LNG Ships

Evaluation of Methane Emissions Originating from LNG Ships Based on the Measurements at a Remote Marine Station

Necessity of Ecological Efficiency Indicator Modal of Air Pollutants and Emissions from Ships in Maritime Transportation: Policy Perspective

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