Comprehensive comparison of treatments for controlling the large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) in Central Europe

Abstract

Adults of the large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) cause serious damage to coniferous seedlings and are among the most important forest pests in Europe. Seedling protection by chemicals is gradually being restricted or banned for environmental reasons, and non-chemical alternatives are therefore needed. In this 3-year study, we compared the following five treatments for protecting Norway spruce seedlings against H. abietis in the Central European mountains where the weevil is especially abundant: alpha-cypermethrin sprays (the only chemical treatment); coating with sprayed glue (Vermifix); coating with C and F types (Norsk Wax); and physical protection with collars. The same block design was set up at a clear-cut site and at a nursery site to compare seedling mortality and wax quality under “wild conditions” with pests and under “ideal conditions” without pests. Repeated application of alpha-cypermethrin was the most effective and least expensive method to protect seedlings against H. abietis. Among the four non-chemical methods, repeated application of glue was the most effective. Because collars were moderately effective but not cost-effective, we do not recommend the use of collars. Wax was inexpensive and environmentally safe but protected seedlings for only 1 year; the newer F type of wax performed better than the C type of wax, and perhaps the F type can be improved. We found that seedlings at sites with high numbers of H. abietis require protection for at least 3 years. We conclude by providing an overview of all methods currently available for managing H. abietis in forests.

Using ethanol and other lures to monitor invasive ambrosia beetles in endemic populations: case study from the Czech Republic

“…This suggests that the population densities of these beetles are still relatively low. In comparison, Slovakia and Slovenia have reported higher captures of the invasive ambrosia beetle X. germanus (Galko et al, 2018;Franjević et al, 2019), suggesting that the Czech Republic is on the edge of the range of the species' range. Similar observations apply to C. bodoanum and G. materiarius (Fiala, observ.).…”

Methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and oxalic acid affects growth, inducible defenses, and pine weevil resistance in Norway spruce

“…However, the use of insecticides is now being banned or phased out in many countries due to environmental concerns (Nilsson et al, 2010). In their place, integrated pest management incorporating soil scarification, physical stem protection, and other measures may be effective in reducing pine weevil damage (Dillon and Griffin, 2008;Galko et al, 2022). Yet, another and perhaps more costeffective protection measure could be to stimulate the trees' own defenses using defense elicitors.…”