Comprehensive Oral Diabetes Medication Resource 2022

Abstract

Many oral medication classes are available for the treatment of diabetes. Within each class, there are multiple agents with specifi c indications, side eff ects, dosing, warnings, and contraindications. The purpose of this article is to provide a quick reference to these medications for use in day-today practice. Recommendations from the 2022 American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Care regarding oral diabetes therapies highlight the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2) as a possible fi rst-line option in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Metformin remains fi rst-line for the majority of people, but additive or alternative therapies may be considered if additional compelling indications, such as chronic kidney disease, heart failure, or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, are present and data regarding benefi t exist, regardless of baseline A1C. The 2022 ADA Standards of Care also suggest patient-centered therapy selection (eg, past medical history, cost, access considerations). The SGLT-2 inhibitors (canaglifl ozin, dapaglifl ozin, empaglifl ozin, ertuglifl ozin) were originally approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes to lower blood glucose in conjunction with healthy eating and physical activity. Since their initial approval, some of these agents have received additional FDA-approved indications based on randomized controlled trials (see reference list). Canaglifl ozin is also approved to reduce risk of major cardiovascular (CV) events in persons with type 2 diabetes with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to reduce risk of end-stage Comprehensive Oral Diabetes Medication Resource