Comprehensive physical map of the Cydia pomonella granulovirus genome and sequence analysis of the granulin gene region.

Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) has been used for 15 years as a bioinsecticide in codling moth (Cydia pomonella) control. In 2004, some insect populations with low susceptibility to the virus were detected for the first time in southeast France. RGV, a laboratory colony of codling moths resistant to the CpGV-M isolate used in the field, was established with collection of resistant insects in the field followed by an introgression of the resistant trait into a susceptible colony (Sv). The resistance level (based on the 50% lethal concentrations [LC 50 s]) of the RGV colony to the CpGV-M isolate, the active ingredient in all commercial virus formulations in Europe, appeared to be over 60,000-fold compared to the Sv colony. The efficiency of CpGV isolates from various other regions was tested on RGV. Among them, two isolates (I12 and NPP-R1) presented an increased pathogenicity on RGV. I12 had already been identified as effective against a resistant C. pomonella colony in Germany and was observed to partially overcome the resistance in the RGV colony. The recently identified isolate NPP-R1 showed an even higher pathogenicity on RGV than other isolates, with an LC 50 of 166 occlusion bodies (OBs)/l, compared to 1.36 ؋ 10 6 OBs/l for CpGV-M. Genetic characterization showed that NPP-R1 is a mixture of at least two genotypes, one of which is similar to CpGV-M. The 2016-r4 isolate obtained from four successive passages of NPP-R1 in RGV larvae had a sharply reduced proportion of the CpGV-M-like genotype and an increased pathogenicity against insects from the RGV colony.

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“…The CpGV-M isolate showed the same REN profiles those as published by Crook et al in 1997 (Fig. 2 and 3).…”

Section: Ren Analysis (I) Analysis Of Npp-r1supporting

confidence: 78%

Cydia pomonella granulovirus Genotypes Overcome Virus Resistance in the Codling Moth and Improve Virus Efficiency by Selection against Resistant Hosts

Berling¹,

Blachère-López²,

Soubabère

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

109

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“…The restriction patterns of EpapGV DNA were distinct from those published for other GVs (3,4,5,7,11,14,31,33,37,39) (Fig. 2B and C).…”

mentioning

confidence: 49%

Characterization of a Granulovirus Isolated from Epinotia aporema Wals. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Larvae

Sciocco-Cap¹,

Parola

Goldberg³

et al. 2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A granulovirus (GV) isolated from Epinotia aporema (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)-a major soybean pest-was studied in terms of its main morphological, biochemical, and biological properties. The ovoidal occlusion bodies were 466 by 296 nm in size, and their most prominent protein had an apparent molecular mass of 29 kDa. Its amino-terminal sequence was remarkably homologous to that of the granulins of other GVs. The DNA genome size was estimated to be 120 kbp. The high specificity and pathogenicity of this newly described granulovirus (EpapGV) indicate that it is indeed a good candidate for the biological control of this pest.The bean shoot borer, Epinotia aporema (Wals.), is a serious pest of soybean and other legume crops in South America. In Argentina, damages caused by this tortricid decrease soybean yields up to 40%, depending on population level and environmental conditions (18). Currently, broad-spectrum chemical insecticides are used to control this caterpillar, delaying or suppressing field colonization by natural enemies. This scenario compromises the implementation of a proper integrated pest management scheme for soybean crops, in areas where the incidence of E. aporema reaches high population levels (25).Among pathogens, a granulovirus (GV) was detected as the main mortality factor (6, 26). In general, the potential of baculoviruses for pest control has been well documented and they have proven to be effective against many pests (9,15,24). In this regard, preliminary experiments showed that E. aporema GV (EpapGV) could be a safe alternative for inclusion in soybean pest management (25). However, former studies were directed towards evaluating its virulence, and none of the previously cited reports addressed the characterization of the virus. As an initial point in our research, we identified and characterized a GV isolate from E. aporema, indigenous to the main soybean area of Argentina.Virus isolation and multiplication. A colony of E. aporema caterpillars reared on artificial medium (12) was established in our laboratory. EpapGV was isolated from a single E. aporema larva collected in Oliveros (Santa Fe, Argentina). Viral amplification was carried out, allowing fourth-instar larvae to feed on formalin-free artificial diet, superficially contaminated with 4,000 granules per mm 2 . Granules were purified from homogenized larvae by two cycles of centrifugation on continuous 40 to 65% (wt/wt) sucrose gradients at 100,000 ϫ g for 1 h. Virions were released by hydrolyzing granules in 0.1 M Na 2 CO 3 -0.17 M NaCl-0.01 M EDTA (pH 10.5) at 37°C for 30 min. Following the dissolution of the granules, the suspension was neutralized by addition of 1 M HCl, and undissolved material was removed by low-speed centrifugation.Electron microscopy. Tissues were dissected from infected and control larvae, fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.3)-0.25 M sucrose for 3 h, postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide for 1 h, dehydrated through an ethanolpropylene oxide series, and embedded in Epon-Araldite resin. Ul...

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“…The active substance of nearly all registered CpGV products is the isolate CpGV-M, which was first discovered in Mexico in 1963 (Tanada, 1964). A detailed physical map and the complete genome sequence of CpGV-M have been established (Crook et al, 1985(Crook et al, , 1997Luque et al, 2001). Two other CpGV isolates originating from England (CpGV-E) and Russia (CpGV-R) were described later (Harvey and Volkman, 1983;Crook et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming the resistance of codling moth against conventional Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV-M) by a new isolate CpGV-I12

Eberle

Asser-Kaiser

Sayed

et al. 2008

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Comprehensive physical map of the Cydia pomonella granulovirus genome and sequence analysis of the granulin gene region.

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Cydia pomonella granulovirus Genotypes Overcome Virus Resistance in the Codling Moth and Improve Virus Efficiency by Selection against Resistant Hosts

Cydia pomonella granulovirus Genotypes Overcome Virus Resistance in the Codling Moth and Improve Virus Efficiency by Selection against Resistant Hosts

Characterization of a Granulovirus Isolated from Epinotia aporema Wals. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Larvae

Overcoming the resistance of codling moth against conventional Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV-M) by a new isolate CpGV-I12

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