Comprehensive sterol and fatty acid analysis in nineteen nuts, seeds, and kernel

Abstract

Consumption of nuts and seeds is considered to have many beneficial health effects, as lowering cholesterol, incidence of cancer, or enhancement of immunity system. Among the most important lipid constituents of oils present in nuts and seeds are fatty acyls in lipid classes and phytosterols. The aim of the study was to quantify wide profile of fatty acids and phytosterols in 19 nuts, seeds, and kernel commonly available in the Czech Republic. Samples were extracted by the modified Folch procedure. Fatty acid analyses were conducted by gas chromatography. The sterols were derivatized and subsequently measured by HPLC-MS/MS procedure allowing for the separation of isobaric compounds including sterol Δ5-Δ7 isomers. Nuts and seeds contained predominantly oleic (18:1n-9) and linoleic (18:2n-6) acids, rich sources of α-linoleic acid (18:3n-3) were linseed, chestnut, walnuts and hempseed, the last being the best source of stearidonic acid (18:4n-3). The phytosterol analyses revealed majority of β-sitosterol and campesterol with the exception of pumpkin and melon seeds, rich in Δ7 sterols, which were separable from Δ5 isomers. Correlation of sterols and fatty acids content revealed positive correlation between monounsaturated/saturated fatty acids (16:1n-9, 18:1n-9, 20:1n-9, 20:0) and stigmasterol and negative correlation between fatty acids (16:1n-9, 18:1n-9) and sitostanols. In summary, our study revealed the wide profile of fatty acids and phytosterols between different nuts and seeds. Further studies are needed to confirm the positive effect of each nut and seeds for health.

The Seed of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): Nutritional Quality and Potential Functionality for Human Health and Nutrition

“…As noted for tocopherol content, the total phytosterol content is more concentrated when expressed for hempseed oil rather than for whole seeds. Anyway, the most abundant phytosterol has been shown to be β-sitosterol with a value of 190.5 mg/100 g for hempseed oil [ 57 ] and 79.7 [ 50 ] and 53.61 mg/100 g [ 49 ] for the whole hempseed belonging to two different cvs. β-sitosterol in the seed plays an important role in the fluidity of plant cell and membrane and has a role in cellular differentiation.…”

“…β-sitosterol in the seed plays an important role in the fluidity of plant cell and membrane and has a role in cellular differentiation. In humans, it can be effective to reduce hypercholesterolemia; can have favorable effects against colon cancer; and possesses antiviral, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties [ 50 ]. According to Vecka and colleagues [ 50 ], the amount of β-sitosterol in whole hempseed is higher than in linseed (79.7 vs. 55.4 mg/100 g seeds) and it is similar to the richest source of β-sitosterol analysed in the same study, namely pistachio (85.9 mg/100g seeds).…”

“…The other two main phytosterols found in hempseed are campesterol and stigmasterol. The latter was described as a compound able to inhibit several pro-inflammatory factors and potentially effective in the prevention of osteoarthritis [ 50 ].…”

A novel accurate LC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of Z-lumirubin

“…The adjustment for the endogenous level of bilirubin was performed by standard addition of bilirubin to the final concentration (40 μmol/L), possible presence of endogenous LR was neglected, since this could not affect the final concentration of LR. 22 with minor modifications. The HPLC system (Dionex Ultimate 3000, Dionex Softron GmbH, Germany) was equipped with a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (3.0 × 100 mm; 2.7 µm, Agilent, CA, USA).…”

Associations of Serum Uric Acid with Endogenous Cholesterol Synthesis Indices in Men with High Cardiometabolic Risk

“…24 The noncholesterol sterols (lathosterol, campesterol, and b-sitosterol) were measured by capillary gas chromatography as previously published 25,26 in nonsaponifiable part of plasma as acetates; the identity of compounds was confirmed by LC-MS/MS method. 27…”