Compression behavior of soft PVC foams obtained by cardanol-derived plasticizer

Abstract

This work is aimed to study the application of a bio-based plasticizer, obtained by acetylation and epoxydation of cardanol, for the production of soft PVC foams. The use of epoxidized cardanol acetate allowed obtaining a more efficient foaming of soft PVC compared to phthalate plasticizer bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), mainly due to the lower viscosity attained in the decomposition range of azodicarbonamide (AZDC). As a consequence, the foams produced by epoxidized cardanol acetate showed a lower density compared to those produced with DEHP. The lower density yielded lower values of compressive modulus. However, the modulus was shown to be not only dependent on the density, but also showed a direct dependence on the type of plasticizer used, in addition to processing temperature and AZDC content. As a consequence, the specific compressive modulus also showed a direct dependence on the type of plasticizer, processing temperature and AZDC content. Such dependence was explained by considering different cellular morphologies developed during foaming under different processing conditions, including type of plasticizer. In particular, it was shown that the lower viscosity attained by epoxidized cardanol acetate plasticized PVC involved an increase of the average pore size of the foam, which was shown to be the main cause of the variation of the specific compressive modulus.

Synthesis of Biomass Based Plasticizer from Linoleic Acid and Cardanol for Preparing Durable PVC Material

“…From the development of modern plasticizer, vegetable oil was the rst plasticizer to be used [9][10][11]. In 1856, Marius in Paris used castor oil as plasticizer of collodion.…”

Cellulose Acetate and Cardanol Based Seed Coating for Intraspecific Weeding Coupled with Natural Herbicide Spraying

“…Cardanol (Card) is one of the main organic element (about 30 wt%) in cashew nut shells. It is a phenol derivative comprising of a linear unsaturated hydrocarbon as an elastic and hydrophobic long side chain and phenol as an inflexible aromatic part with a reactive hydroxyl group [40][41][42][43]. The effect of Card oil as plasticizer has already been tested in the field of composite materials, for example in the Card-based matrix biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers [44].…”

Influences of plasticizer molecular structure and content on flexural fatigue of soft poly(vinyl chloride)

“…Soft PVC has excellent flexibility, flexural fatigue performance, and abrasion resistance owing to the addition of plasticizers. Furthermore, the viscosity and plasticizing temperature of PVC plastisol are reduced, [19][20][21][22][23] and the processability is improved, which is conducive to the production of products. There are many plasticizers commonly used in PVC, including phthalates, epoxy esters, trimellitates, and environmentally friendly plasticizers.…”