Compressive properties and function—composition relationships of developing bovine articular cartilage

Williamson, Amanda K.; Chen, Albert C.; Sah, Robert L.

doi:10.1016/s0736-0266(01)00052-3

Cited by 299 publications

(291 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Several processes occur during the maturation of articular cartilage: the amount of collagen increases (62)(63)(64)(65), the amount of PG decreases (62)(63)(64), cellularity diminishes (62,66) and the size of the cartilage is greatly reduced (62,63,66). Whereas in the newborn the collagen fibers are randomly oriented (67,68), during maturation they gradually align according to the zonal architecture shown in Fig.…”

Section: Study Of the Maturation Of Pig Articular Cartilagementioning

confidence: 99%

Multinuclear NMR and microscopic MRI studies of the articular cartilage nanostructure

Shinar

Navon

2006

NMR in Biomedicine

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Studies of the structure of articular cartilage by a number of NMR spectroscopic and imaging techniques are reviewed. Advantage is taken of the fact that the NMR investigations can be done non-invasively on the intact tissue and do not require sectioning, slicing and decalcification as in the case of electron microscopy. The different contributions to 1 H T 2 relaxation are described and it is pointed out that ignoring the biexponential behavior of the transverse relaxation can lead to serious errors in the proton density measurements and the T 2 characterization of the articular cartilage. A way to slow the transverse relaxation and to minimize its angular dependence by the use of dipolar echo is described. 2 H double quantum filtered spectroscopic MRI is a powerful technique to follow the orientation and density of the collagen fibers in articular cartilage. Using this technique, it was found that attachment of the cartilage to the bone has a stabilizing effect on the collagen matrix and that the hydroxyapatite in the calcified zone resides near the collagen fibers but does not contribute to their order. In response to mechanical pressure, it was shown that the collagen fibers flatten near the surface and become crimped near the bone. A number of NMR techniques have been described for the measurement of 23 Na residual quadrupolar interaction. It was found that this can serve as a very sensitive measure of the depletion of proteoglycans. Finally, a combination of the above techniques was used to study a maturation of articular cartilage in pigs. The increased order and density of the collagen fibers from newborn to adult pigs revealed itself as a shortening of T 2 and significant increase of the residual quadrupolar interaction of both 2 H and 23 Na nuclei.

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Section: Study Of the Maturation Of Pig Articular Cartilagementioning

confidence: 99%

Multinuclear NMR and microscopic MRI studies of the articular cartilage nanostructure

Shinar

Navon

2006

NMR in Biomedicine

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“…In articular cartilage, the incidence of cell division is low and matrix deposition is the major contributor to the increase in size (i.e., growth) and changes in biochemical composition (i.e., remodeling) of this tissue in vivo (13)(14)(15). Since articular cartilage tissue may undergo both appositional and interstitial growth, and the major contributor to cartilage growth is matrix deposition, the term "growth" is used subsequently in this article to refer collectively to both growth and remodeling, which can occur in the presence or absence of cellular proliferation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fetal and postnatal growth of the articular cartilage normally involves a net deposition of collagen that is greater than that of proteoglycan, as well as an increase in mechanical integrity. During maturation of articular cartilage from fetus to skeletal maturity, there is an increase in collagen and pyridinoline (Pyr) crosslink densities, but little or no change in the content of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (14,(16)(17)(18). These biochemical changes are accompanied by an increase in tensile modulus and strength (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of cartilage growth: Modulation of balance between proteoglycan and collagen in vitro using chondroitinase ABC

Asanbaeva¹,

Masuda²,

Thonar³

et al. 2007

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. To examine the cartilage growthassociated effects of a disruption in the balance between the swelling pressure of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and the restraining function of the collagen network, by diminishing GAG content prior to culture using enzymatic treatment with chondroitinase ABC.Methods. Immature bovine articular cartilage explants from the superficial and middle layers were analyzed immediately or after incubation in serumsupplemented medium for 13 days. Other explants were treated with chondroitinase ABC to deplete tissue GAG and also either analyzed immediately or after incubation in serum-supplemented medium for 13 days. Treatment-and incubation-associated variations in tissue volume, contents of proteoglycan and collagen network components, and tensile mechanical properties were assessed.

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“…In the current study, collagen density increases most in the deep cartilage. Because cartilage stiffness correlates positively with collagen density [16,56] we hypothesise that this depth-dependent distribution of collagen density also contributes to the development of a depth-dependent gradient in mechanical properties of AC in postnatal life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal development of depth-dependent collagen density in ovine articular cartilage

et al. 2010

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BackgroundArticular cartilage (AC) is the layer of tissue that covers the articulating ends of the bones in diarthrodial joints. Adult AC is characterised by a depth-dependent composition and structure of the extracellular matrix that results in depth-dependent mechanical properties, important for the functions of adult AC. Collagen is the most abundant solid component and it affects the mechanical behaviour of AC. The current objective is to quantify the postnatal development of depth-dependent collagen density in sheep (Ovis aries) AC between birth and maturity. We use Fourier transform infra-red micro-spectroscopy to investigate collagen density in 48 sheep divided over ten sample points between birth (stillborn) and maturity (72 weeks). In each animal, we investigate six anatomical sites (caudal, distal and rostral locations at the medial and lateral side of the joint) in the distal metacarpus of a fore leg and a hind leg.ResultsCollagen density increases from birth to maturity up to our last sample point (72 weeks). Collagen density increases at the articular surface from 0.23 g/ml ± 0.06 g/ml (mean ± s.d., n = 48) at 0 weeks to 0.51 g/ml ± 0.10 g/ml (n = 46) at 72 weeks. Maximum collagen density in the deeper cartilage increases from 0.39 g/ml ± 0.08 g/ml (n = 48) at 0 weeks to 0.91 g/ml ± 0.13 g/ml (n = 46) at 72 weeks. Most collagen density profiles at 0 weeks (85%) show a valley, indicating a minimum, in collagen density near the articular surface. At 72 weeks, only 17% of the collagen density profiles show a valley in collagen density near the articular surface. The fraction of profiles with this valley stabilises at 36 weeks.ConclusionsCollagen density in articular cartilage increases in postnatal life with depth-dependent variation, and does not stabilize up to 72 weeks, the last sample point in our study. We find strong evidence for a valley in collagen densities near the articular surface that is present in the youngest animals, but that has disappeared in the oldest animals. We discuss that the retardance valley (as seen with polarised light microscopy) in perinatal animals reflects a decrease in collagen density, as well as a decrease in collagen fibril anisotropy.

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Compressive properties and function—composition relationships of developing bovine articular cartilage

Cited by 299 publications

References 39 publications

Multinuclear NMR and microscopic MRI studies of the articular cartilage nanostructure

Multinuclear NMR and microscopic MRI studies of the articular cartilage nanostructure

Mechanisms of cartilage growth: Modulation of balance between proteoglycan and collagen in vitro using chondroitinase ABC

Postnatal development of depth-dependent collagen density in ovine articular cartilage

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