“…Ideally, given a dynamical system, we would like to be able to decide properties of its asymptotic behavior or to compute (to within some approximation) the invariant objects describing it. Unfortunately, in many cases, simple questions regarding this behavior are undecidable [Moo90,AMP95,Wol02,KL09] and computing the relevant invariant objects is impossible [BY06,BY07,GHR11,BBRM11]. The general phenomenon behind these results is that, for many classes of dynamical systems, it is possible to 'embed' a Turing machine M in the dynamical system so that achieving the algorithmic task we are concerned with is equivalent to deciding whether M halts.…”