Computational and experimental studies of high depth algal raceway pond photo-bioreactor

Sawant, S.S.; Khadamkar, Hrushikesh; Mathpati, Channamallikarjun S.; Pandit, Reena; Lali, Arvind

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2017.11.015

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These ponds are easy to construct and operate due to their simplicity, which made this method relatively cheaper to run compared to the artificial methods [41]. However, failure to maintain the laboratory organisms in the ponds have always been a major setback [42], while other limitations and challenges affecting the cost effectiveness of this cultivation method are poor cell light utilisation, unregulated temperature, predator contamination, evaporation loss, and CO2 diffusion into the atmosphere [12].…”

Section: Natural Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae biofuel: Current status and future applications

Adeniyi

Azimov

Burluka

2018

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

372

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An algal feedstock or biomass may contain a very high oil fraction, and thus could be used for the production of advanced biofuels via different conversion processes. Its major advantage apart from its large oil fraction is the ability to convert almost all the energy from the feedstock into different varieties of useful products. In the research to displace fossil fuels, algae feedstock has emerged as a suitable candidate not only because of its renewable and sustainable features but also for its economic credibility based on the potential to match up with the global demand for transportation fuels. Cultivating this feedstock is very easy and could be developed with little or even no supervision, with the aid of wastewater not suitable for human consumption while absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere. The overall potential for algae applications generally shows that this feedstock is still an untapped resource, and it could be of huge commercial benefits to the global economy at large because algae exist in millions compared to terrestrial plants. Algae applications are evident for everyday consumption via foods products, non-foods products, fuel, and energy. Biofuels derived from algae have no impact on the environment and the food supply unlike biofuels produced from crops. However, any cultivation method employed could control the operating cost and the technicalities involved, which will also influence the production rate and strain. The scope of this paper is to review the current status of algae as a potential feedstock with diverse benefit for the resolution of the global energy demand, and environmental pollution control of GHG.

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Section: Natural Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae biofuel: Current status and future applications

Adeniyi

Azimov

Burluka

2018

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

372

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“…Currently, two types of photo-bioreactors are generally used to cultivate microalgae: open photo-bioreactors and enclosed photo-bioreactors [3]. The raceway pond photo-bioreactor, the oldest type of photo-bioreactor (in continuous use), is a typical open photo-bioreactor, which has several advantages such as simple components, low cost, and easy operation [4]. In addition, as the microalgae can absorb CO 2 from the air, the cost required to supply CO 2 (the most important raw material for microalgae growth) is greatly lowered [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an enclosed air-lift photobioreactor (ALPBR) for biomass and lipid biosynthesis of microalgal cells grown under fluid-induced shear stress

Ding

Wang

et al. 2020

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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An enclosed air-lift photobioreactor (ALPBR) is considered an efficient lab-scale bioreactor for microalgae cell growth and lipid biosynthesis. However, fluid-induced shear stress and mixing are two main factors that affect physiological metabolism in microalgal cell cultures. Herein, a 50-L ALPBR after being designed and manufactured was evaluated for microalgal suspension culture. Moreover, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was used to characterize the hydrodynamics of ALPBR. Specifically, two model microalgae species Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella protothecoides were cultured with aeration rates at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 volume per volume per minute (vvm). The hydrodynamics of ALPBR while considering shear rate, volume average velocity, turbulent energy dissipation rate (EDR), air volume fraction, and mean air bubble diameter, etc. showed that aeration generated a very low shear stress. When C. protothecoides and C. vulgaris were cultured with various aeration rates, the maximum dry cell weights (DCW) of two microalgal species tested were 0.3 vvm and 0.2 vvm, while the maximum lipid contents of both species were about 15.0% of the DCW, which were achieved at an air flow rate of 0.2 vvm. Therefore, we concluded that the shear rate generated by aeration could play a vital role in the cell growth of microalgae grown in an air-lift photobioreactor.

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“…Raceway reactors can be operated at depths of 0.10-0.15 m (Acién Fernández et al, 2013). However, higher depths of up to 1 m have also been evaluated as a strategy to avoid freezing and minimise heat loss during cold time (Sawant et al, 2018) and lower depths (0.05 m) have been used to increase light availability (Sánchez-Zurano et al, 2021b). Light availability is the most important factor in the growth and productivity of photosynthetic microorganisms and current raceway designs do not allow to optimise light utilisation (Barceló-Villalobos et al, 2019).…”

Section: Culturing Of Microalgaementioning

confidence: 99%