Computational methods for VCSEL array characterization and control

Strzebonski, Pawel; Dave, Harshil; Lakomy, Katherine; Jahan, Nusrat; North, William; Choquette, Kent D.

doi:10.1117/12.2585066

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The estimation of uncoupled power is nontrivial as accurate estimates need to incorporate thermal cross-talk effects (for example, where the heat from cavity 2 increases the threshold current thus decreases optical power in cavity 1). Past work has explore multi-variable polynomial modeling [9], artificial neural network modeling [9,13], as well as single-variable polynomial modeling [11,10]. In this work we use a two-step refining single-variable polynomial model evaluated separately on each one-dimensional slice of the optical power measurement data [10].…”

Section: Optical Power Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The beam profile of the photonic crystal laser arrays tend to develop interference fringes when the elements are coherently coupled. These fringes form the basis of beam profile analysis [9]. We measure the far-field beam profiles of the representative photonic crystal design # 1 array (see Fig.…”

Section: Beam Profile Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) at various injection currents in the vicinity of the coherent ridge. The beam profiles are then analyzed using the Fourier-method [9,10] where the fast Fourier transform (FFT) is calculated for the beam intensity profile, and the value of the highest-magnitude (non-zero-frequency) side-peak in the FFT is divided by the zero-frequency component. The magnitude of this ratio is the "peak ratio" and the phase of this ratio is refered to as the "peak phase".…”

Section: Beam Profile Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many different methods of coupled VCSEL array characterization have been previously proposed with relative strengths and weaknesses [9]. One recently proposed method is a Fourier-method beam profile analysis [9] that can provide insight into the array coupling, lasing mode suppression ratio, and inter-cavity phase difference in a simple but resilient manner [10]. Another is optical power analysis that exploits the coherent power enhancement effect to estimate the imaginary coupling coefficient from the strength of the power enhancement effect [7] using either conventional modeling techniques [11,12] or machine learning methods [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Analysis of Coherence and Coupling in Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Arrays

Strzebonski

North

Jahan

et al. 2022

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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The optical coupling between dual elements of photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting laser arrays is characterized. The optically coupled microcavity lasers have independent bias injection currents. Output power and beam analysis measurements are used to quantify the effects of optical coherence in nominally 850 nm emitting arrays. Modelling and experiment show how the optical coupling is influenced by photonic crystal lattice period and the independent current injection into the elements.

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Section: Optical Power Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Beam Profile Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Beam Profile Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Analysis of Coherence and Coupling in Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Arrays

Strzebonski

North

Jahan

et al. 2022

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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Fourier-method beam analysis for coherent vertical cavity surface emitting laser arrays

2022

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Effective engineering and exploitation of coherently coupled vertical cavity surface emitting laser arrays will benefit from simple and fast characterization of the optical coupling and coherence. We propose a Fourier method of analyzing beam profiles as an alternative to the prior beam visibility analysis and show that the mode suppression ratio and phase between a pair of supermodes can be extracted. Our analysis enables fast quantitative determination of the array coherence and supermode characteristics.

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Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Performance Maturing through Machine Learning for High-Yield Optical Wireless Network

et al. 2022

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The high-yield optical wireless network (OWN) is a promising framework to strengthen 5G and 6G mobility. In addition, high direction and narrow bandwidth-based laser beams are enormously noteworthy for high data transmission over standard optical fibers. Therefore, in this paper, the performance of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) is evaluated using the machine learning (ML) technique, aiming to purify the optical beam and enable OWN to support high-speed, multi-user data transmission. The ML technique is applied on a designed VCSEL array to optimize paths for DC injection, AC signal modulation, and multiple-user transmission. The mathematical model of VCSEL narrow beam, OWN, and energy loss through nonlinear interference in an optical wireless network is studied. In addition, the mathematical model is then affirmed with a simulation model following the bit error rate (BER), the laser power, the current, and the fiber-length performance matrices . The results estimations declare that the presented methodology offers a narrow beam of VCSEL, mitigating nonlinear interference in OWN and increasing energy efficiency.

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Computational methods for VCSEL array characterization and control

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of Coherence and Coupling in Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Arrays

Analysis of Coherence and Coupling in Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Arrays

Fourier-method beam analysis for coherent vertical cavity surface emitting laser arrays

Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Performance Maturing through Machine Learning for High-Yield Optical Wireless Network

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