Computational modelling of nasal respiratory flow

Calmet, Hadrien; Inthavong, Kiao; Owen, Herbert; Dosimont, Damien; Lehmkuhl, O.; Houzeaux, Guillaume; Vázquez, Mariano

doi:10.1080/10255842.2020.1833865

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…1(c) ]. The respiratory cycle was simplified to pure sine waves based on the measured physiology data from Benchetrit et al 28 and used in Calmet et al, 29 allowing a simple method for describing the tidal volume, breathing periods, and periodicity, e.g.,

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

N95 respirator mask breathing leads to excessive carbon dioxide inhalation and reduced heat transfer in a human nasal cavity

et al. 2021

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Face masks and respirators are used to filter inhaled air, which may contain airborne droplets and high particulate matter (PM) concentrations. The respirators act as a barrier to the inhaled and exhaled air, which may change the nasal airflow characteristics and air-conditioning function of the nose. This study aims to investigate the nasal airflow dynamics during respiration with and without an N95 respirator driven by airflow through the nasal cavity to assess the effect of the respirator on breathing conditions during respiration. To achieve the objective of this study, transient computational fluid dynamics simulations have been utilized. The nasal geometry was reconstructed from high-resolution Computed Tomography scans of a healthy 25-year-old female subject. The species transport method was used to analyze the airflow, temperature, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), moisture content (H 2 O), and temperature distribution within the nasal cavity with and without an N95 respirator during eight consecutive respiration cycles with a tidal volume of 500 ml. The results demonstrated that a respirator caused excessive CO 2 inhalation by approximately greater per breath compared with normal breathing. Furthermore, heat and mass transfer in the nasal cavity was reduced, which influences the perception of nasal patency. It is suggested that wearers of high-efficiency masks that have minimal porosity and low air exchange for CO 2 regulation should consider the amount of time they wear the mask.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

N95 respirator mask breathing leads to excessive carbon dioxide inhalation and reduced heat transfer in a human nasal cavity

et al. 2021

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“…In this study an eddy-viscosity subgrid-scale model (Vreman model) ( Vreman, 2004 ) is applied. This model provided good results in previous simulations of respiratory airways ( Calmet et al, 2020 ) or jets ( Both, Lehmkuhl, Mira, & Ortega, 2020 ) being competitive comparing with more computational demanding models like the dynamic Smagorinsky, see Koullapis et al (2017) .…”

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Computational modelling of an aerosol extraction device for use in COVID-19 surgical tracheotomy

Calmet

Bertomeu

McIntyre

et al. 2022

Journal of Aerosol Science

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In view of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on global health, understanding and accurately modelling the propagation of human biological aerosols has become crucial. Worldwide, health professionals have been one of the most affected demographics, representing approximately 20% of all cases in Spain, 10% in Italy and 4% in China and US. Methods to contain and remove potentially infected aerosols during Aerosol Generating Procedures (AGPs) near source offer advantages in reducing the contamination of protective clothing and the surrounding theatre equipment and space. In this work we describe the application of computational fluid dynamics in assessing the performance of a prototype extraction hood as a means to contain a high speed aerosol jet. Whilst the particular prototype device is intended to be used during tracheotomies, which are increasingly common in the wake of COVID-19, the underlying physics can be adapted to design similar machines for other AGPs. Computational modelling aspect of this study was largely carried out by Barcelona Supercomputing Center using the high performance computational mechanics code Alya. Based on the high fidelity LES coupled with Lagrangian frameworks the results demonstrate high containment efficiency of generated particles is feasible with achievable air extraction rates.

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“…Recent modelling work (Calmet et al, 2021;van Strien et al, 2021) and experimental work (Hahn et al, 1993) for a single gas phase confirmed that a flow rate of 30 L/min exhibited both laminar and turbulent flow characteristics. However, for the VOF modelling, the flow comprises a liquid and air (gas) phase and therefore the fluid region in landmark regions (nostril, nasal valve, and nasopharynx) will initially start off with air but will have a proportion filled with water, thereby increasing the local Reynolds number with density difference of 1000× greater.…”

Section: Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelmentioning

confidence: 91%

Liquid volume and squeeze force effects on nasal irrigation using Volume of Fluid modelling

Shrestha

Wong

Salati

et al. 2021

Exp. Comput. Multiph. Flow

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For various sinonasal conditions, including chronic rhinosinusitis, saline irrigation is an accepted standard-of-care treatment. This study was aimed at determining the effect of increased irrigation volumes and greater squeeze force on mucosal irrigation. A sinonasal cavity computational model was reconstructed from high-resolution CT scans of a healthy, unoperated 25-year old female.Seven combinations of irrigation volumes (70, 150, 200, and 400 mL) and squeeze forces (ramp time 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 s) at a fixed head tilt of 0 degrees to the horizontal (Frankfort position) were performed. Velocity, pressure, and wall shear stress, together with mapping of surface coverage and residual volumes at specific locations and time were demonstrated. Higher volume irrigation (400 mL) and greater squeeze force (ramp time 0.1 s) improved irrigation coverage on the ipsilateral and contralateral sinonasal surfaces and increased shear force (approximately 140 Pa). An increase in irrigation volume from 70 to 150 mL approximately doubled sinus surface coverage and from 70 to 200 mL tripled sinus surface coverage. A faster squeeze also contributed to increased sinus surface coverage but its effect was less influential. We infer that the greater irrigation volume and squeeze force improve therapeutic benefit in terms of lavage and distribution of topical medications.

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Computational modelling of nasal respiratory flow

Cited by 21 publications

References 62 publications

N95 respirator mask breathing leads to excessive carbon dioxide inhalation and reduced heat transfer in a human nasal cavity

N95 respirator mask breathing leads to excessive carbon dioxide inhalation and reduced heat transfer in a human nasal cavity

Computational modelling of an aerosol extraction device for use in COVID-19 surgical tracheotomy

Liquid volume and squeeze force effects on nasal irrigation using Volume of Fluid modelling

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