“…A more comprehensive comparison of the techniques described above is presented in Table . It is clear that most techniques (e.g., the ion exchange, − epitaxial growth, ,, solvent mediation with surfactant, electrochemical process, and surface etching with chemicals ,, ) are predominantly focused on the metastable phase structures with or without partially disordered structures. Some techniques are more suited for the amorphization (e.g., ion etching through CVD), while others are more suited for the stabilization of metastable structures (e.g., solvent mediation with ionic liquid). − Direct fabrication of 2D HA metastable materials, particularly ultrathin structures, with the above techniques is highly challenging.…”