Computed tomography in severe protein energy malnutrition.

Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Kwashiorkor

“…Several neuropathological studies of the brain have shown that PEM may have adverse impact on the number of neurons and synapses, degree of myelination, and total cerebral lipid content of the developing brain (Levitsky & Strupp, 1995). In the present study as in previous studies using computed tomography (Akinyinka et al, 1995) and MRI (Househam & de Villiers, 1987), cerebral atrophy and dilated ventricles were the commonest images seen in the children suffering from kwashiorkor. In an earlier CT study of the brain of patients suffering from kwashiorkor in the same locality, Akinyinka et al (1995) demonstrated cerebral atrophy and ventricular dilatation in 10 of 14 cases of kwashiorkor and 11 of 12 cases of marasmic-kwashiorkor while Gunston et al (1992) demonstrated brain shrinkage in all the 12 children evaluated using MRI.…”

“…Although these patients were not followed up on long-term basis, which is a limitation of this study as well as the limited number of cases studied because of the declining incidence of kwashiorkor, earlier studies have shown complete resolution of the morphological changes documented after nutritional rehabilitation (Househam & de Villiers, 1987;Oyelami & Ogunlesi, 2007). Associated diseases are not uncommon International Journal of Neuroscience Int J Neurosci Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by CDL-UC Davis on 11/02/14…”

“…The brain of the child is one of the most vulnerable organs affected during growth with potential morphological changes, which are detectable at autopsy and/or with neuroimaging technology which are now available in several developing countries. Previous cranial imaging studies of the brain of patients with protein energy malnutrition (PEM) showed that cerebral atrophy and ventricular dilatation are common findings (Akinyinka, Adeyinka, & Falade, 1995;Gunston, Burkimsher, Malan, & Sive, 1992;Househam & de Villiers, 1987;Odabaş et al, 2005) though re-versible after nutritional rehabilitation (Akinyinka et al, 1995;Gunston et al, 1992). The present study seeks to describe the morphological changes in the brain of Nigerian children suffering from kwashiorkor using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).…”

Brain tissue volume segmentation in patients with anorexia nervosa before and after weight normalization

“…Others have found that IGF-1 levels are reduced in patients with anorexia nervosa (Counts, Gwirtsman, Carlsson, Lesem, & Cutler, 1992;Golden et al, 1994;Grinspoon, Baum, et al, 1996;Grinspoon, Gulick, et al, 1996;Hall, Lundin, & Pó voa, 1988;Hill, Hill, McClain, Humphries, & McClain, 1993;Hochberg et al, 1992;Rappaport, Prevot, & Czernichow, 1980;Tanaka, Maesaka, & Suwa, 1985;Winterer et al, 1985). As in anorexic patients, CT and MRI studies of patients with protein caloric malnutrition have demonstrated reduced brain tissue volumes, which are reversible following nutritional normalization (Gunston, Burkimsher, Malan, & Sive, 1992;Househam, 1991;Househam & De Villiers, 1987). Note: CSF = cerebrospinal fluid.…”

Cranial MRI findings in children with protein energy malnutrition

“…At 90 days, the cerebral changes resolved in nine and improved substantially in the remainder, by which time serum proteins and weight for age were within the normal range (Gunston et al, 1992). Househam and de Villiers (1987) also showed that severe cerebral shrinkage in CT of the brain was evident initially and resolved after nutritional rehabilitation in 12 children with kwashiorkor.…”