Computer-aided characterization for effective mechanical properties of porous tissue scaffolds

Fang, Z.; Starly, Binil; Sun, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.cad.2004.04.002

Cited by 123 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…To reduce the boundary effect, 31,46 scaffolds were trimmed before in vitro culture and in vivo implantation. The performance of scaffolds with complex 3D structures would not be significantly affected with this physical restraint.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chondrogenic Regeneration Using Bone Marrow Clots and a Porous Polycaprolactone-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold by Three-Dimensional Printing

Yao

Wei

Liu

et al. 2015

Tissue Engineering Part A

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Scaffolds play an important role in directing three-dimensional (3D) cartilage regeneration. Our recent study reported the potential advantages of bone marrow clots (MC) in promoting extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold chondrogenic regeneration. The aim of this study is to build a new scaffold for MC, with improved characteristics in mechanics, shaping, and biodegradability, compared to our previous study. To address this issue, this study prepared a 3D porous polycaprolactone (PCL)-hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold combined with MC (Group A), while the control group (Group B) utilized a bone marrow stem cell seeded PCL-HA scaffold. The results of in vitro cultures and in vivo implantation demonstrated that although an initial obstruction of nutrient exchange caused by large amounts of fibrin and erythrocytes led to a decrease in the ratio of live cells in Group A, these scaffolds also showed significant improvements in cell adhesion, proliferation, and chondrogenic differentiation with porous recanalization in the later culture, compared to Group B. After 4 weeks of in vivo implantation, Group A scaffolds have a superior performance in DNA content, Sox9 and RunX2 expression, cartilage lacuna-like cell and ECM accumulation, when compared to Group B. Furthermore, Group A scaffold size and mechanics were stable during in vitro and in vivo experiments, unlike the scaffolds in our previous study. Our results suggest that the combination with MC proved to be a highly efficient, reliable, and simple new method that improves the biological performance of 3D PCL-HA scaffold. The MC-PCL-HA scaffold is a candidate for future cartilage regeneration studies.Introduction D ue to the poor regenerative capacity of cartilage in vivo, articular cartilage defect is a great challenge in the field of orthopedic surgery.1 There are several cartilage repair techniques, including microfracture, joint irrigation or debridement, osteochondral grafting, and autologous chondrocyte implantation.2,3 As it is a simple, convenient, and relatively inexpensive choice, microfracture has become the preferred clinical treatment. 4 Previous evidence proved that bone marrow clots (MC) on the surface of the microfracture lesions provide an optimal environment for cartilaginous tissue repair. 5,6 However, this technique results in a repaired tissue with lower mechanical strength. This tissue is easily worn by daily activities, causing symptoms to recur and necessitating a second repair. 7,8 The poor mechanical strength, the instability of MC, and the loss of bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) may be the main barriers to fibrocartilage repair by microfracture. 9 Although the detailed mechanisms by which MC fibrocartilage forms are not clear, the combination of MC chondrogenic differentiation and high-strength biodegradable scaffolds may provide an advanced approach to the repair and functional reconstruction of cartilage defects. 10,11The fundamental concept underlying tissue engineering is the combination of a scaffold with living cells and/o...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chondrogenic Regeneration Using Bone Marrow Clots and a Porous Polycaprolactone-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold by Three-Dimensional Printing

Yao

Wei

Liu

et al. 2015

Tissue Engineering Part A

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“…It is more efficient in differentiating hard tissues with sharply defined density changes, such as the interface between bone and soft tissues. To overcome this problem, contrast agents can be added [6]. Although the resolution of MRI is inferior to CT scans, with the advance of technology, it is improving, allowing the 3D representation of internal structures, such as the central nervous system, heart, and kidneys of a rat [9].…”

Section: Scaffold Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Properties such as high surface-area-to-volume ratio, porosity, pore size, pore design, pore interconnectivity, permeability, and degradation should be taken into account when designing scaffold for different and tailored applications. These will allow a desirable biological network for cell migration, nutrient transportation, and the mechanical stiffness, and strength can be therefore obtained [5,6]. Growth factors (GFs) and drug release (DR) should also be considered to achieve an optimized tissue growth as scaffold degraded.…”

Section: Scaffold Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring Bioengineered Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine

Amado¹,

Morouço²,

Pascoal‐Faria³

et al. 2018

Biomaterials in Regenerative Medicine

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The vision to unravel and develop biological healing mechanisms based on evolving molecular and cellular technologies has led to a worldwide scientific endeavor to establish regenerative medicine. This is a multidisciplinary field that involves basic and preclinical research and development on the repair, replacement, and regrowth or regeneration of cells, tissues, or organs in both diseases (congenital or acquired) and traumas. A total of over 63,000 patients were officially placed on organs' waiting lists on 31 December 2013 in the European Union (European Commission, 2014). Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emerged as promising fields to achieve proper solutions for these concerns. However, we are far from having patient-specific tissue engineering scaffolds that mimic the native tissue regarding both structure and function. The proposed chapter is a qualitative review over the biomaterials, processes, and scaffold designs for tailored bioprinting. Relevant literature on bioengineered scaffolds for regenerative medicine will be updated. It is well known that mechanical properties play significant effects on biologic behavior which highlight the importance of an extensively discussion on tailoring biomechanical properties for bioengineered scaffolds. The following topics will be discussed: scaffold design, biomaterials and scaffolds bioactivity, biofabrication processes, scaffolds biodegradability, and cell viability. Moreover, new insights will be pointed out.

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“…The designed scaffold must facilitate cell attachment, growth of tissue, and the transport of nutrients and it must provide structural support of tissue regeneration (Fang et al 2005). The methods for investigating mechanical properties of porous scaffolds were primarily based on using experimental approaches (Hing et al 1999;Bose et al 2002) and the finite element numerical analysis (Beaupr and Hayes 1985;Williams and Lewis 1982;Cahill et al 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical model and numerical simulation of the cell growth in scaffolds

Jeong¹,

Yun²,

Kim³

2011

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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A scaffold is a three-dimensional matrix that provides a structural base to fill tissue lesion and provides cells with a suitable environment for proliferation and differentiation. Cell-seeded scaffolds can be implanted immediately or be cultured in vitro for a period of time before implantation. To obtain uniform cell growth throughout the entire volume of the scaffolds, an optimal strategy on cell seeding into scaffolds is important. We propose an efficient and accurate numerical scheme for a mathematical model to predict the growth and distribution of cells in scaffolds. The proposed numerical algorithm is a hybrid method which uses both finite difference approximations and analytic closed-form solutions. The effects of each parameter in the mathematical model are numerically investigated. Moreover, we propose an optimization algorithm which finds the best set of model parameters that minimize a discrete l(2) error between numerical and experimental data. Using the mathematical model and its efficient and accurate numerical simulations, we could interpret experimental results and identify dominating mechanisms.

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Computer-aided characterization for effective mechanical properties of porous tissue scaffolds

Cited by 123 publications

References 25 publications

Chondrogenic Regeneration Using Bone Marrow Clots and a Porous Polycaprolactone-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold by Three-Dimensional Printing

Chondrogenic Regeneration Using Bone Marrow Clots and a Porous Polycaprolactone-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold by Three-Dimensional Printing

Tailoring Bioengineered Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine

Mathematical model and numerical simulation of the cell growth in scaffolds

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