“…Herein, we provide observations that can inform the selection of sonication parameters to produce controllable titrate-able and predictable bioeffects in liver, kidney, and cardiac muscle on a clinical MRI HIFU system. While liver and kidney have been widely used as target tissues in HIFU research, cardiac muscle was included, since HIFU has potential cardiac-specific clinical applications in, e.g., treatment of arrhythmias, septal defects and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy [47, 48, 49, 50]. Sonication parameters that produce a vacuolated lesion may hold potential in precisely debulking tumors while minimizing injury to nearby critical structures (such as nerves) via a sharp, well-demarcated transition zone.…”