Computer-Aided Instruction

Abstract

vegetation, that a uniform and high temperature is maintained throughout the night. Because of this fact, in the radiometric observations of tropical regions the boundaries between water and land, hence parts of the outlines of continents, cannot be distinguished.Comparison of a radiation picture of the Siberian tundra on 5 September 1964 (Fig. 16) and hydrometeorological data for the same date provides an example of very close equilibrium between soil and air temperatures. In Fig. 16 a band of clouds, indicating a cold front, lies across western Siberia near 60?N. The skies to the north and south are cloudless; this is indicated by the clearly visible lakes and rivers on both sides of the front. Blackbody temperatures, however, are markedly different on the two sides. To the south of the front the temperatures range from 277? to about 280?K, while to the northwest they are about 287?. Surface-air data provided by the Hydrometeorological Service of the U.S.S.R. show that surface-air temperatures in the southern region were about 279 K, while in the northwest they ranged from 283? to 288?K. This agreement with the satellite-measured soil temperatures suggests a complete equilibrium between air and soil temperatures in this region. Other radiometer observations were obtained vegetation, that a uniform and high temperature is maintained throughout the night. Because of this fact, in the radiometric observations of tropical regions the boundaries between water and land, hence parts of the outlines of continents, cannot be distinguished.Comparison of a radiation picture of the Siberian tundra on 5 September 1964 (Fig. 16) and hydrometeorological data for the same date provides an example of very close equilibrium between soil and air temperatures. In Fig. 16 a band of clouds, indicating a cold front, lies across western Siberia near 60?N. The skies to the north and south are cloudless; this is indicated by the clearly visible lakes and rivers on both sides of the front. Blackbody temperatures, however, are markedly different on the two sides. To the south of the front the temperatures range from 277? to about 280?K, while to the northwest they are about 287?. Surface-air data provided by the Hydrometeorological Service of the U.S.S.R. show that surface-air temperatures in the southern region were about 279 K, while in the northwest they ranged from 283? to 288?K. This agreement with the satellite-measured soil temperatures suggests a complete equilibrium between air and soil temperatures in this region. Other radiometer observations were obtained The authors are associated with Bolt Beranek

Augmenting on-screen instructions with micro-projected guides

“…CAI findings suggest adapting instructions to a user's current level of comprehension as well as using video, animation, and other media to improve information retention [1,6,18]. While multimedia demonstrations have been shown to increase task performance when compared to static text or verbal instructions, studies have found that demonstration information is not retained for long [16,23].…”

Using computers for assessment in medicine

“…Computer based tests have been used since the 1960s to test knowledge and problem solving skills 3. The earliest versions were text based and typically consisted of factual questions for which there were definite right and wrong answers.…”

The Neuropsychology of Language

“…The second category is games and simulation, where the student has some initiative but is 30 constrained by the rules of the game or the logic of the simulation. The Socratic system (Swets and Feurzeig, 1965) is a program where all possible branches in a huge tree of alternatives (with possible loops) must be specifically programmed. That tree refers to an example of some diagnostic process (medical or otherwise) which the student must perform.…”

“…Clearly, as we said above, they do not act on the basis of stored questions, answers, etc., but on knowledge, in the form of facts, concepts, and procedures. Also, human teachers are not pre-programmed to the ultimate detail, as is, for example, the Socratic system (Swets and Feurzeig, 1965).…”