in 1993. His research interest cover a number of areas in process systems engineering, including modeling methodologies, process synthesis, control and operations, numerical methods as well as information technologies for the support of chemical engineering design processes. engineering. During his post-doctoral career, he worked for several institutions in the area of process systems engineering, with a focus on information modeling and mathematical modeling of chemical process systems. In particular, he was a research fellow at AVT -Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, from 1999 to 2004, where his research was mainly devoted to the development and applications of ontologies in process engineering. Aidong is currently a lecturer in Process Systems Engineering at the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences of the University of Surrey, UK. His research interests include the mathematical modeling and optimization of process systems, the application of knowledge engineering methods in process and product development and in manufacturing, and the design of engineering software systems.x Preface Preface xi modeling under different funding schemes. This research formed one of the pillars of our research on ontological engineering. A second pillar are the CAPE-OPEN and Global CAPE-OPEN projects funded by the EU under the Brite-EuRam action line. These industry-driven projects on the standardization of interfaces in and between process engineering software systems provided us with a great deal of insight in many practical issues of software engineering, information modeling, and data integration in the context of process simulation and design in the process industries. Most of the research described in this book has been performed in the context of the IMPROVE project, funded by DFG as CRC 476 and TC 61, and the COGents project, funded by the EU under the IST program in the fifth Framework Program. The generous financial support through these projects is gratefully acknowledged. We are also indebted to a large number of individuals who directly or indirectly contributed to the results presented in this book. We enjoyed the very close and lasting collaboration with a number of research groups in computer science in areas related to ontological engineering. Most notably, we interacted with Franz Baader and his former PhD students Ulrike Sattler and Ralph Molitor, with Bertrand Braunschweig, with Matthias Jarke and his former PhD students Sebastian C. Brandt, Michalis Miatidis, Klaus Pohl and Klaus Weidenhaupt as well as with Manfred Nagl and his former PhD students Simon Becker, Markus Heller and Bernhard Westfechtel. This interdisciplinary interaction, and the sharing of the various perspectives on knowledge representation and information modeling, integration, and management contributed significantly to shape our understanding of the relevant issues. The reconciliation of the diverse schools of thought in computer science has been an important stepping stone towards OntoCAPE, its architectural princi...