Computer‐aided tissue engineering: application to biomimetic modelling and design of tissue scaffolds

Sun, Wei; Starly, Binil; Darling, Andrew; Gomez, Connie

doi:10.1042/ba20030109

Cited by 214 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Here we show that our previously documented approach to producing TE-TDR implants with circumferentially aligned collagen fibrils in the AF (15), combined with image-based design techniques to reproduce precise anatomy (22)(23)(24)(25)(26) yielded implants that integrated with the rat caudal spine, reproduced appropriate tissue structure, and generated a mechanically functional motion segment in the rat caudal spine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue-engineered intervertebral discs produce new matrix, maintain disc height, and restore biomechanical function to the rodent spine

Bowles

Gebhard

Härtl

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

165

170

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Lower back and neck pain are leading physical conditions for which patients see their doctors in the United States. The organ commonly implicated in this condition is the intervertebral disc (IVD), which frequently herniates, ruptures, or tears, often causing pain and limiting spinal mobility. To date, approaches for replacement of diseased IVD have been confined to purely mechanical devices designed to either eliminate or enable flexibility of the diseased motion segment. Here we present the evaluation of a living, tissueengineered IVD composed of a gelatinous nucleus pulposus surrounded by an aligned collagenous annulus fibrosus in the caudal spine of athymic rats for up to 6 mo. When implanted into the rat caudal spine, tissue-engineered IVD maintained disc space height, produced de novo extracellular matrix, and integrated into the spine, yielding an intact motion segment with dynamic mechanical properties similar to that of native IVD. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of engineering a functional spinal motion segment and represent a critical step in developing biological therapies for degenerative disc disease.regenerative medicine | total disc replacement | biomaterials | disc arthroplasty | image-based A mong the most common physical conditions for which patients see their doctors are back and neck pain, which carry an estimated annual cost to society up to $100 billion (1). Current conservative and operative treatment options are mostly palliative in nature and fail to restore function to the spine. The most common target for treatment of back and neck pain is the intervertebral disc (IVD) (2-5). IVD degeneration is characterized by loss of proteoglycan, loss of disc height, annulus fibrosus (AF) damage and tears, spondylolisthesis, spinal stenosis, herniated discs, neoinnervation, hypermobility, and inflammation (6-8). Conservative treatments including medication and physiotherapy are the first line of defense in treating these disorders. Despite these treatments, it is estimated that between 1.5 and 4 million patients in the United States await surgical intervention (9).Such surgical interventions may involve the removal of herniated tissue or the entire IVD and replacing it with a mechanical device designed to either fuse the adjacent vertebrae or to preserve some motion. Regardless of approach, motion segment mobility is altered, often precipitating degeneration in adjacent motion segments (10). Nonbiological total disc replacement implants were developed to avoid this loss of motion at the operated level, and as a result, reduce the incidence of adjacent segment disease. The efficacy of such implants is a matter of much debate (11-13); however, it is clear that nonbiological total disc replacement implants suffer from failure modes commonly associated with traditional metal/polyethylene arthroplasty, such as mechanical failure, dislodgement, polyethylene wear, and associated osteolysis and implant loosening. More recently, increasing attention has been turned toward creating tissue engineer...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue-engineered intervertebral discs produce new matrix, maintain disc height, and restore biomechanical function to the rodent spine

Bowles

Gebhard

Härtl

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

165

170

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“…112 CAD models CAD models can be used to design 3D scaffolds of designated structure, pore size, and porosity. 114 It is one of the commonly used technologies in the aspect of ComputerAided Tissue Engineering, where 3D visualization and simulation are enabled for the manufacturing of 3D complex tissue models. 115 Rapid prototyping techniques such as 3D printing, stereolithography, and fused deposition modeling utilizes CAD models to reproducibly fabricate very precise …”

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confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Role of Porosity and Pore Size

Loh

Choong

2013

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

2,148

1,446

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Tissue engineering applications commonly encompass the use of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to provide a suitable microenvironment for the incorporation of cells or growth factors to regenerate damaged tissues or organs. These scaffolds serve to mimic the actual in vivo microenvironment where cells interact and behave according to the mechanical cues obtained from the surrounding 3D environment. Hence, the material properties of the scaffolds are vital in determining cellular response and fate. These 3D scaffolds are generally highly porous with interconnected pore networks to facilitate nutrient and oxygen diffusion and waste removal. This review focuses on the various fabrication techniques (e.g., conventional and rapid prototyping methods) that have been employed to fabricate 3D scaffolds of different pore sizes and porosity. The different pore size and porosity measurement methods will also be discussed. Scaffolds with graded porosity have also been studied for their ability to better represent the actual in vivo situation where cells are exposed to layers of different tissues with varying properties. In addition, the ability of pore size and porosity of scaffolds to direct cellular responses and alter the mechanical properties of scaffolds will be reviewed, followed by a look at nature's own scaffold, the extracellular matrix. Overall, the limitations of current scaffold fabrication approaches for tissue engineering applications and some novel and promising alternatives will be highlighted.

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“…1). Surface modeling for each model was completed by manipulating the STL in the modeling software Rhinoceros 5.0 (McNeel Europe, Spain) where extra vessels and structures were removed and the openings in the surface were covered with meshes to prevent errors in the triangulated surface (Sun et al, 2004). The models also were scaled to real dimensions in Rhinoceros, the STL format remained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Software Based 3D Modeling Protocol for Printing Anatomical Structures

Coronel

Rueda‐Esteban

2017

Int. J. Morphol.

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SUMMARY:With the increasing number of medical programs, research for new teaching methods has also emerged. Computer software and diagnostic images have been used for anatomy teaching as an alternative to cadaver dissection, which means students cannot develop a mental image of the human body without compromising spatial reasoning. Also the cadavers present flaws such as color, texture and smell. This paper explains in details the protocol used to reconstruct 3D models for rapid prototyping as an overcome to these difficulties. Online Computerized Tomography scans were obtained in DICOM format from OsiriX and InVesalius. Reconstruction of 3D models from aortic and superior tracheobronchial tract structures were created, InVesalius and Rhinoceros software were used. 3D models of a heart with its aorta, superior tracheobronchial tract and an aneurysm at the aortic bifurcation were obtained for rapid prototyping. The superior tracheobronchial tract model was printed. It is possible to produce printed models from CT scans using different softwares for 3D modeling and rapid prototyping. These models could allow the student to develop a three dimensional mental image of the human body according to literature.

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Computer‐aided tissue engineering: application to biomimetic modelling and design of tissue scaffolds

Cited by 214 publications

References 9 publications

Tissue-engineered intervertebral discs produce new matrix, maintain disc height, and restore biomechanical function to the rodent spine

Tissue-engineered intervertebral discs produce new matrix, maintain disc height, and restore biomechanical function to the rodent spine

Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Role of Porosity and Pore Size

Multiple Software Based 3D Modeling Protocol for Printing Anatomical Structures

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