Computer-assisted complete three-dimensional reconstruction of the mammary ductal/lobular systems

Ohtake, Tohru; Kimijima, Izo; Fukushima, Toshihiko; Yasuda, Mitsuhiko; Sekikawa, Koji; Takenoshita, Seiichi; Abe, Rikiya

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20010615)91:12<2263::aid-cncr1257>3.0.co;2-5

Cited by 86 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Additionally, x-ray computed tomography (CT) has been used as a tool to visualize DCIS, with attention given to areas of micro-calcification that can be well identified using this technique [36]. Calcifications in a high-grade specimen of DCIS have been identified [37], supporting the conclusion that DCIS was continuous through the duct [37], as proposed also in earlier research [32]. Other studies have examined the distribution of DCIS, but only in cases with infiltrating carcinoma (IC), leading to the finding that DCIS spreads in a fan-like geometry [38].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Automated Reconstruction Algorithm for Identification of 3D Architectures of Cribriform Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

et al. 2012

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Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a pre-invasive carcinoma of the breast that exhibits several distinct morphologies but the link between morphology and patient outcome is not clear. We hypothesize that different mechanisms of growth may still result in similar 2D morphologies, which may look different in 3D. To elucidate the connection between growth and 3D morphology, we reconstruct the 3D architecture of cribriform DCIS from resected patient material. We produce a fully automated algorithm that aligns, segments, and reconstructs 3D architectures from microscopy images of 2D serial sections from human specimens. The alignment algorithm is based on normalized cross correlation, the segmentation algorithm uses histogram equilization, Otsu's thresholding, and morphology techniques to segment the duct and cribra. The reconstruction method combines these images in 3D. We show that two distinct 3D architectures are indeed found in samples whose 2D histological sections are similarly identified as cribriform DCIS. These differences in architecture support the hypothesis that luminal spaces may form due to different mechanisms, either isolated cell death or merging fronds, leading to the different architectures. We find that out of 15 samples, 6 were found to have ‘bubble-like’ cribra, 6 were found to have ‘tube-like’ criba and 3 were ‘unknown.’ We propose that the 3D architectures found, ‘bubbles’ and ‘tubes’, account for some of the heterogeneity of the disease and may be prognostic indicators of different patient outcomes.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Automated Reconstruction Algorithm for Identification of 3D Architectures of Cribriform Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

et al. 2012

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“…[1][2][3] High grade DCIS grows and spreads continuously throughout the glandular tree, whereas low grade DCIS grows multifocally and typically shows a multicentric distribution. 1 2 4-6 Possible ductal anastomoses in the ductal/lobular system that spread between ducts may be a risk factor for extensive intraductal spread, and when this exceeds 20% of the total tumour it is a predictor of local tumour recurrence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three dimensional reconstruction of a human breast carcinoma using routine laboratory equipment and immunohistochemistry

Kurien

2005

J Clin Pathol

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Aims: To establish a three dimensional reconstruction of an invasive breast carcinoma using basic laboratory equipment to evaluate and characterise the spatial arrangement of the parenchymal cells of the breast. Methods: One hundred and twenty eight sequential 4 mm sections (20 mm apart) of the tumour were stained immunohistochemically with an epithelial specific marker (AE1/AE3) or tumour specific marker (cerbB-2) to reconstruct two different three dimensional images of the normal and malignant parenchymal cells. Sections were digitally imaged using a microscope, scanner, and digital camera linked to a conventional personal computer. Accurate alignment of the digitalised images was carried out using a semiautomatic graphical method of manual interaction, using the cross correlation coefficient as a goodness of fit measure, and an automatic search algorithm using the Fibonacci search algorithm for automatic alignment. The volume was reconstructed using maximum, minimum point projection and ''back to front'' opacity blending.Results: The quality of the reconstructed images was distinct and perfect, providing a comprehensive and explicit view of the normal and malignant parenchymal tissues of the breast that is not possible by viewing two dimensional histological sections. Specifically, this approach showed the spatial arrangement of the tumour cells and their relation to the surrounding tissues at a high resolution. Conclusion: This simple and reproducible approach enables the spread and infiltration of invasive carcinoma to be understood and could also be used to analyse the spatial relation between atypical hyperplastic and malignant in situ lesions of the breast.

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“…As the ducts radiate from the nipple they rapidly become more widely spaced and can be traced through the much greater volume of the mammary corpus in serial thick sections, 1 to 2 mm thick, from which duct branching data can be extracted and digitally modelled [7-10]. The size of this challenge is implied by the fact that only two complete human breasts have been successfully studied in this manner [7,9]. …”

Section: Available Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ductal-lobar organisation of human breast tissue, its relevance in disease and a research objective: vector mapping of parenchyma in complete breasts (the Astley Cooper project)

Going

2006

Breast Cancer Res

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A human breast has many lobes, which are highly variable in size and shape, each with one central duct, its peripheral branches and their associated glandular tissues. Realising the potential of new endoductal approaches to breast diagnosis and improving our understanding of breast cancer precursors will require greatly improved knowledge of this ductal-lobar anatomy and the distribution of cancer precursors within it. This architecture is very challenging to study in its entirety: whole-breast lobe mapping has only been achieved for two human breasts. Clearly, much more efficient techniques are required. Streamlined data capture and visualisation of breast parenchymal anatomy from thin and thick sections in a vector format would allow integrated mapping of whole-breast structure with conventional histology and molecular data. The 'Astley Cooper digital breast mapping project' is proposed as a name for this achievable research objective. Success would offer new insights into the development of breast cancer precursor lesions, allow testing of the important 'sick lobe' hypothesis, improve correlation with imaging studies and provide 'ground truth' for mathematical modelling of breast growth.

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Computer-assisted complete three-dimensional reconstruction of the mammary ductal/lobular systems

Cited by 86 publications

References 68 publications

Automated Reconstruction Algorithm for Identification of 3D Architectures of Cribriform Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Automated Reconstruction Algorithm for Identification of 3D Architectures of Cribriform Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Three dimensional reconstruction of a human breast carcinoma using routine laboratory equipment and immunohistochemistry

Ductal-lobar organisation of human breast tissue, its relevance in disease and a research objective: vector mapping of parenchyma in complete breasts (the Astley Cooper project)

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