Computer Simulation of Wave Scattering from a Dielectric Random Surface in Two Dimensions-Cylindrical Case

Modelling Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves in Layered Media: An Up-to-Date Perspective

“…To compute such tangential field components, integral equations must be solved [82]. For the complete equations to be solved in the single interface case, the reader is referred to [82] for full 3D problems and to [83] for 2D cylindrical problems; for the equations that apply to the case of two or more interfaces, see Section 3.3 and references therein. Here, to simplify the notation, we report the scalar version of those integral equations, which is a Fredholm equation: ∬ (r, r ) (r ) r = (r) (13) in which is the interface (or a set of interfaces), r and r are two points over , (r) is known (it is a component of the incident field), (r, r ) is an element of the dyadic Green function, and (r ) is the unknown (a component of the tangential fields).…”

GPR Phase-Based Techniques for Profiling Rough Surfaces and Detecting Small, Low-Contrast Landmines Under Flat Ground

“…Therefore, we can state that if (11) (12) then (13) (14) Here, denotes the maximal of the one-way propagation range in a monostatic configuration, or the maximal of either propagation range in a bistatic configuration; and , and denote the effective permittivity and permeability of the surface layer of the soil at the frequencies and , respectively; denotes difference of the wrapped phase data at the two frequencies; is referred to as the unambiguous frequency interval (UFI). Hence, by combining (10), (13), and (14), we can derive the one-way propagation range, from the wrapped phase data at two frequencies within the maximum UFI (15) For a given measurement geometry, the external calibration for the block w3 in Fig. 2 determines the one-way propagation distance from the antenna phase center to the reference plane (a metal plate); the latter is expressed as (16) where is the difference of the wrapped phase data with respect to the metal plate for two frequencies.…”

Microwave imaging of antipersonnel mines

“…and Mseq -Ii X E (0)) (5) where h is the outward unit normal vector of the surface. The scattered far fields (in frequency domain) are obtained by transforming the equivalent currents over the free space Green's function [4].…”