Computerized analysis of motility, motility patterns and motility parameters of spermatozoa of carp following short‐term storage of semen

Abstract

A computer-aided semen analysis system was used to assess the % motile cells following storage of carp semen in 11 different buffers at 2, 5 or 22 C. BWW and TLP were the most suitable storage buffers because carp semen stored at 5 C in these buffers following activation showed no significant decrease in % motile spermatozoa up to 24 h. But, in most of the other buffers (Fish Ringer, Cytomix, Cortland, FRT, Mannitol, FPS, NAS and TSM) the motility potential was lost by 2 h. Storage was best at pH 6-9 and at 5 C. Carp spermatozoa exhibit three distinct motility patterns, namely 'linear', 'circular' and 'haphazard', the proportion of spermatozoa with a particular motility pattern depending on storage buffer and time. All spermatozoa with a linear trajectory had high VSL, STR and LIN; those moving in circles had low VSL, STR, LIN and BCF and those with a haphazard trajectory were distinct in that they had the highest ALH and their VSL, STR, LIN and BCF were higher than the circular moving spermatozoa and lower than the spermatozoa exhibiting linear trajectory. The study also demonstrates a pronounced time-dependent decrease in VCL, VAP, VSL and ALH of carp spermatozoa following activation with water or low osmolality solutions. This study provides for the first time data related to seven motility parameters of carp spermatozoa and demonstrates how these parameter values could be used to evaluate quality of carp milt following storage in different buffers. It confirms that carp spermatozoa exhibit linear or circular trajectories and provides evidence for a third type of trajectory described as haphazard. All three motility patterns could be discriminated objectively on the seven motility parameters. 1997 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

Quantitative analysis of sperm plane circular movement in the blue mussels Mytilus edulis, M. trossulus and their hybrids

“…However, rabbit sperm do not show any swimming pattern differences between sperm closer (25 µm) and more distant (100 µm) from a glass surface (Suarez et al, '83). Similar results have been reported for carp sperm, in which the movement patterns do not differ between 10 and 130 µm depth in a testing chamber (Ravinder et al, '97). Therefore, in all species that have been studied, the presence of a glass surface does not always lead to sperm circular movement.…”

“…Although sperm circular movement in a two‐dimensional plane has been reported in many organisms (Table 5) including corals (Morita et al, 2006), ascidians (Miller, '82), sea urchins (Gibbons, '80; Rikmenspoel and Isles, '85; Bohmer et al, 2005; Wood et al, 2005, 2007), starfish (Bohmer et al, 2005; Shiba et al, 2006), the urochordate Oikopleura dioica (Miller and King, '83), several teleost species (Lahnsteiner et al, '96a, b, '97, '98; Ravinder et al, '97; Geffen, '99), rats (Kaneto et al, '99; Ban et al, 2001) and rabbits (Suarez et al, '83), this is the first report of this type of sperm movement in blue mussel Mytilus species. Furthermore, of the few studies that have examined blue mussel sperm motility, none have quantitatively investigated the sperm movement pattern, although the relationship between mitochondrial DNA polymorphism and sperm motility has been investigated in M. edulis by Everett et al (2004) and Jha et al (2008), who assumed that the sperm swim in a helical pattern.…”

Short-term storage and cryopreservation of lake minnow (Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas, 1814)) sperm

“…The TLP and BWW extenders were used for short-term storage of common carp sperm (Ravinder et al, 1997) with similar effectiveness to the results obtained in our study (40-60% of sperm motility after 3 days of storage). The most effective extender proved to be the VRT extender, while the TLP and BWW extenders were less effective but still considerably better than undiluted semen.…”

“…For comparison, the semen of common carp can be kept for 45 h at temperatures between 0 and 5°C without a significant decrease in motility and fertilizing ability (Hulata and Rothbard, 1979;Ravinder et al, 1997). A significant deterioration of the undiluted semen was observed relatively fast, after 24 h of storage at 4°C.…”

“…Short-term storage can increase the period of semen availability by up to a few weeks (Ravinder et al, 1997) until mature females become available. Short-term storage can increase the period of semen availability by up to a few weeks (Ravinder et al, 1997) until mature females become available.…”