Computing Paradigms in Emerging Vehicular Environments: A Review

Silva, Lion; Magaia, Naércio; Sousa, Breno; Kobusińska, Anna; Casimiro, António; Mavromoustakis, Constandinos X.; Mastorakis, George; Albuquerque, Victor Hugo C. de

doi:10.1109/jas.2021.1003862

Cited by 72 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…DT-IoV is an IoV with delay-tolerant capabilities to support long disruptions in network connectivity [2]. This concept was developed considering studies made with Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), DTNs, and the Internet of Things.…”

Section: Delay-tolerant Internet Of Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

BiRep: A Reputation Scheme to Mitigate the Effects of Black-Hole Nodes in Delay-Tolerant Internet of Vehicles

Nabais

Pereira

Magaia

2021

Sensors

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Delay-tolerant networking (DTN) enables communication in disruptive scenarios where issues such as sparse and intermittent connectivity, long and variable delays, high latency, high error rates, or no end-to-end connectivity exist. Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a network of the future in which integration between devices, vehicles, and users will be unlimited and universal, overcoming the heterogeneity of systems, services, applications, and devices. Delay-tolerant internet of vehicles (DT-IoV) is emerging and becoming a popular research topic due to the critical applications that can be realized, such as software or map update dissemination. For an IoV to work efficiently, a degree of cooperation between nodes is necessary to deliver messages to their destinations. However, nodes might misbehave and silently drop messages, also known as a black-hole attack, degrading network performance. Various solutions have been proposed to deal with black-hole nodes, but most are centralized or require each node to meet every other node. This paper proposes a decentralized reputation scheme called BiRep that identifies and punishes black-hole nodes in DT-IoV. BiRep is tested on the Prophet routing protocol. Simulation results show excellent performance in all scenarios, comparable or better to other reputation schemes, significantly increasing the delivery ratio of messages.

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Section: Delay-tolerant Internet Of Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

BiRep: A Reputation Scheme to Mitigate the Effects of Black-Hole Nodes in Delay-Tolerant Internet of Vehicles

Nabais

Pereira

Magaia

2021

Sensors

Self Cite

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“…Early work on the IoV focuses on communication constraints that the flux in the topology of vehicle-to-anything (V2X) communications imposes. Hence, it is mainly concerned with Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs) (see [2]- [6], [14], [15]) and routing protocols (see [3], [5], [14]). In short, VANETs achieve Peer-to-Peer (P2P) communication by turning every participating vehicle into a router that helps forward messages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nodes in VANETs self organise, but this imposes inherent limitations. For example, there is no cooperation among nodes in VANETs and this can make it difficult to integrate many computing paradigms which advanced IoV services require [15]. However, transitioning from VANETs to the IoV is not straightforward.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Privacy and Trust in the Internet of Vehicles

Zavvos

Gerding

Yazdanpanah

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst.

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The Internet of Vehicles aims to fundamentally improve transportation by connecting vehicles, drivers, passengers, and service providers together. Several new services such as parking space identification, platooning and intersection control-to name just a few-are expected to improve traffic congestion, reduce pollution, and improve the efficiency, safety and logistics of transportation. Proposed end-user services, however, make extensive use of private information with little consideration for the impact on users and third parties (those individuals whose information is indirectly involved). This article provides the first comprehensive overview of privacy and trust issues in the Internet of Vehicles at the service level. Various concerns over privacy are formalised into four basic categories: privacy of personal information, trust, consent to provide information, and multi-party privacy. To help analyse services and to facilitate future research, the main relevant end-user services are taxonomised according to voluntary and involuntary information they require and produce. Finally, this work identifies several open research problems and highlights general approaches to address them. These especially relate to measuring the tradeoff between privacy and service functionality, automated consent negotiation, trust towards the IoV and its individual services, and identifying and resolving multi-party privacy conflicts.

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“…The emergence of connected vehicle technology introduces another platform to implement the Digital Twin. Since the level of connectivity within our vehicles has greatly improved, these equipped vehicles are able to "talk" with other entities, such as with other connected vehicles through vehicle-tovehicle (V2V) communications, with traffic infrastructures through vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, and with cloud servers through vehicle-to-cloud (V2C) communications [14]- [17]. Specifically, V2C communications allow connected vehicles to 1) upload their data to the cloud server, enabling Digital Twins to be built in the digital (cyber) world based on their counterparts in the physical world; and 2) offload their onboard computations to the cloud server, enabling Digital Twins to build models and calculate guidance information through powerful cloud computing, which can then be fed back to connected vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility Digital Twin: Concept, Architecture, Case Study, and Future Challenges

Wang¹

2022

Preprint

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<div>A Digital Twin is a digital replica of a living or non-living physical entity, and this emerging technology has attracted extensive attention from different industries during the past decade. Although a few Digital Twin studies have been conducted in the transportation domain very recently, there is no systematic research with a holistic framework connecting various mobility entities together. In this study, by leveraging both connected vehicle technology and cloud computing, an Mobility Digital Twin (MDT) framework is developed, which consists of three building blocks in the physical space (namely Human, Vehicle, and Traffic), and their associated Digital Twins in the digital space. The cloud architecture is built with Amazon Web Services (AWS) to accommodate the proposed MDT framework and to implement its digital functionalities of storage, modeling, learning, simulation, and prediction. The effectiveness of the MDT framework is shown through the case studies of three digital building blocks with their key microservices: the Human Digital Twin with user management and driver type classification, the Vehicle Digital Twin with cloud-based Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS), and the Traffic Digital Twin with traffic flow monitoring and variable speed limit.</div>

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Computing Paradigms in Emerging Vehicular Environments: A Review

Cited by 72 publications

References 139 publications

BiRep: A Reputation Scheme to Mitigate the Effects of Black-Hole Nodes in Delay-Tolerant Internet of Vehicles

BiRep: A Reputation Scheme to Mitigate the Effects of Black-Hole Nodes in Delay-Tolerant Internet of Vehicles

Privacy and Trust in the Internet of Vehicles

Mobility Digital Twin: Concept, Architecture, Case Study, and Future Challenges

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