Concentração residual de hexaclorociclohexano em área contaminada na Cidade dos Meninos, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, após tratamento com óxido de cálcio

Oliveira, Rosália Maria de; Bastos, Lúcia Helena Pinto; Dias, Ana Elisa Xavier de Oliveira e; Silva, Sérgio Alves da; Moreira, Josino Costa

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2003000200011

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A close analysis revealed that the LinB enzymes of Spϩ and UT26 differ from each other by three amino acids and that LinB of B90A differs from those of Spϩ and UT26 by six and seven amino acids residues, respectively. These differences in amino acids are outside the putative catalytic domain (D-108, H-272, and E-132) (7,11,17,18,22,27,28,33,34,37,40,47), but they seem to play an important role in the substrate specificity of the enzymes. Although the studies with purified LinB proteins from B90A and Spϩ are preliminary, they strongly indicate that strain B90A is best suited for biodegradation of ␤-HCH, the most recalcitrant isomer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haloalkane Dehalogenase LinB Is Responsible for β- and δ-Hexachlorocyclohexane Transformation inSphingobium indicumB90A

Sharma

Raina

Kumari

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Incubation of resting cells of Sphingobium indicum B90A, Sphingobium japonicum UT26, and Sphingobium francense Sp؉ showed that they were able to transform ␤-and ␦-hexachlorocyclohexane (␤-and ␦-HCH, respectively), the most recalcitrant hexachlorocyclohexane isomers, to pentachlorocyclohexanols, but only resting cells of strain B90A could further transform the pentachlorocyclohexanol intermediates to the corresponding tetrachlorocyclohexanediols. Moreover, experiments with resting cells of Escherichia coli expressing the LinB proteins of strains B90A, UT26, and Sp؉ indicated that LinB was responsible for these transformations. Purified LinB proteins from all three strains also effected the formation of the respective pentachlorocyclohexanols. Although the three LinB enzymes differ only marginally with respect to amino acid sequence, they showed interesting differences with respect to substrate specificity. When LinB from strain B90A was incubated with ␤-and ␦-HCH, the pentachlorocyclohexanol products were further transformed and eventually disappeared from the incubation mixtures. In contrast, the LinB proteins from strains UT26 and Sp؉ could not catalyze transformation of the pentachlorocyclohexanols, and these products accumulated in the incubation mixture. A mutant of strain Sp؉ lacking linA and linB did not degrade any of the HCH isomers, including ␤-HCH, and complementation of this mutant by linB from strain B90A restored the ability to degrade ␤-and ␦-HCH.Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), a broad-spectrum insecticide, was one of the most extensively used organochlorine pesticides for the control of agricultural pests and the control of mosquitoes in malaria health programs during the 1940s. Technical HCH is prepared by chlorination of benzene in the presence of UV, resulting in the formation of a mixture primarily containing the isomers ␥-HCH (10 to 12%), ␣-HCH (60 to 70%), ␤-HCH (5 to 12%), and ␦-HCH (6 to 10%) (20). Of these isomers, only ␥-HCH (also known as lindane) has insecticidal properties. For purely economic reasons, technical HCH was used indiscriminately instead of lindane in many countries, and its use continued unabated until the 1990s, when the persistent and toxic nature of the components of technical mixtures was realized. Today, the use of technical HCH is banned in most countries, and the use of lindane is either banned or severely restricted. The extensive and widespread use, unregulated disposal, and persistent nature of HCH isomers have created the following two types of contamination problems: (i) low levels of contamination of agricultural soils and groundwater (3,14,25,32,39,45), mainly caused by the intended usage, and (ii) high levels of contamination at the production sites caused by inappropriate disposal of the noninsecticidal isomers ␣-, ␤-, and ␦-HCH. A large number of open or sealed dumping sites exist in The Netherlands (53), Brazil (36), Spain (24), Germany (13), India (39), and Eastern and Central Europe (53), which still pose serious risks for soils and groundwater.␣-and ␥-HC...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haloalkane Dehalogenase LinB Is Responsible for β- and δ-Hexachlorocyclohexane Transformation inSphingobium indicumB90A

Sharma

Raina

Kumari

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Note that ␣-HCH also exists in two enantiomeric (ϩ and Ϫ) forms. 50,000 tons in Brazil (38), Canada (135), Germany (159,183), Spain (26,29,181), India (30,139), and the United States (135). HCH-degrading sphingomonads have been recovered in six countries in Europe and Asia, although precise locations are often not reported (see text).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemistry of Microbial Degradation of Hexachlorocyclohexane and Prospects for Bioremediation

Lal

Pandey

Sharma

et al. 2010

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

352

338

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SUMMARY Lindane, the γ-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), is a potent insecticide. Purified lindane or unpurified mixtures of this and α-, β-, and δ-isomers of HCH were widely used as commercial insecticides in the last half of the 20th century. Large dumps of unused HCH isomers now constitute a major hazard because of their long residence times in soil and high nontarget toxicities. The major pathway for the aerobic degradation of HCH isomers in soil is the Lin pathway, and variants of this pathway will degrade all four of the HCH isomers although only slowly. Sequence differences in the primary LinA and LinB enzymes in the pathway play a key role in determining their ability to degrade the different isomers. LinA is a dehydrochlorinase, but little is known of its biochemistry. LinB is a hydrolytic dechlorinase that has been heterologously expressed and crystallized, and there is some understanding of the sequence-structure-function relationships underlying its substrate specificity and kinetics, although there are also some significant anomalies. The kinetics of some LinB variants are reported to be slow even for their preferred isomers. It is important to develop a better understanding of the biochemistries of the LinA and LinB variants and to use that knowledge to build better variants, because field trials of some bioremediation strategies based on the Lin pathway have yielded promising results but would not yet achieve economic levels of remediation.

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“…Literature provides evidence on some heavy contamination episodes by HCH due to formulation factories and their illegal muck dumping (Table 1). Such HCH dumpsites have been found all over the world and have been reported from Brazil (Rio de Janeiro; Oliveira et al 2003); Spain (Pontevedra; Concha-Grana et al 2006;Vega et al 2007), Bilbao (Mohan et al 2006); Germany (Chemnitz; Boltner et al 2005; Bitterfeld; Kalbitz and Popp 1999;Wycisk et al 2003); the US (North Carolina; Earth fax 2002), and India (Lucknow; CAPE http://www.panna.org/ campaigns/docsLindane/lindaneDirtySecret.pdf). In Galicia (Spain), the stores of a pesticide factory located in the industrial estate of Torneiros until 1964 caused the contam- Philips et al (2006) ination of an area of 45,000 m 2 affecting the soils and aquifer (Concha-Grana et al 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation of HCH isomers in open soil and plant-rhizospheric soil system of a contaminated environment

Abhilash

Singh

2009

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Recently, alpha-, beta- and gamma-HCH have been nominated by the POPs Reviewing Committee for inclusion into the Stockholm Convention to address the HCH contamination on a global level. Therefore, there is an urgent need to stop the production of lindane and remediate contaminated soil sites. Based on the monitoring studies, the promising species like W. somnifera and S. torvum may be selected for the on-site phytoremediation of HCH-contaminated soil. The mismanagement of HCH residues from the organochlorine industry and their contemporary relevance often after decades of their deposition is one key example demonstrating the necessity to evaluate the waste deposits of the respective organochlorine productions and need for a strict waste management, and the necessity of an integrated pollution prevention and control strategy for the whole organochlorine industry including also the developing countries.

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Concentração residual de hexaclorociclohexano em área contaminada na Cidade dos Meninos, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, após tratamento com óxido de cálcio

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

Haloalkane Dehalogenase LinB Is Responsible for β- and δ-Hexachlorocyclohexane Transformation inSphingobium indicumB90A

Haloalkane Dehalogenase LinB Is Responsible for β- and δ-Hexachlorocyclohexane Transformation inSphingobium indicumB90A

Biochemistry of Microbial Degradation of Hexachlorocyclohexane and Prospects for Bioremediation

Seasonal variation of HCH isomers in open soil and plant-rhizospheric soil system of a contaminated environment

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