Concentration and probabilistic health risk of polychlorinated biphenyls in cheese samples collected from Tehran, Iran

Shariatifar, Nabi; Maftahi, Mahtab; Tooryan, Fahimeh; Arabameri, Majid

doi:10.1111/1471-0307.12885

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…The QuEChERS method, initially developed by Anastassiades et al for pesticide analysis, has found extensive use in the extraction and purification of organic contaminants from fatty samples, including breast milk. This strategy has been successfully applied to isolate various typical organic pollutants, such as PCBs, PBEDs, OCPs, and OPPs from human breast milk, − cows’ milk, cream, cheese, and butter . Thus, to develop an efficient analytical method for OLEMs in breast milk, the QuEChERS strategy was chosen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Characterization of Organic Light-Emitting Materials in Breast Milk by Target and Suspect Screening

Zheng,

Wang,

Luo

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Organic light-emitting materials (OLEMs) are emerging contaminants in the environment and have been detected in various environment samples. However, limited information is available regarding their contamination within the human body. Here, we developed a novel QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method coupled with triple quadrupole/high-resolution mass spectrometry to determine OLEMs in breast milk samples, employing both target and suspect screening strategies. Our analysis uncovered the presence of seven out of the 39 targeted OLEMs in breast milk samples, comprising five liquid crystal monomers and two OLEMs commonly used in organic light-emitting diode displays. The cumulative concentrations of the seven OLEMs in each breast milk sample ranged from ND to 1.67 × 103 ng/g lipid weight, with a mean and median concentration of 78.76 and 0.71 ng/g lipid weight, respectively, which were higher compared to that of typical organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. We calculated the estimated daily intake (EDI) rates of OLEMs for infants aged 0–12 months, and the mean EDI rates during lactation were estimated to range from 30.37 to 54.89 ng/kg bw/day. Employing a suspect screening approach, we additionally identified 66 potential OLEMs, and two of them, cholesteryl hydrogen phthalate and cholesteryl benzoate, were further confirmed using pure reference standards. These two substances belong to cholesteric liquid crystal materials and raise concerns about potential endocrine-disrupting effects, as indicated by in silico predictive models. Overall, our present study established a robust method for the identification of OLEMs in breast milk samples, shedding light on their presence in the human body. These findings indicate human exposure to OLEMs that should be further investigated, including their health risks.

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