Concentration Levels of Imidacloprid and Dinotefuran in Five Tissue Types of Black Walnut, Juglans nigra

Nix, Katheryne; Lambdin, Paris; Grant, Jerome F.; Coots, Carla; Merten, Paul

doi:10.3390/f4040887

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However only parent compounds were analyzed in this study. The metabolite olefin‐imidacloprid is also toxic, and was detected in nutmeat and walnut husk of black walnut ( Julans nigra ) following soil injections and trunk sprays of imidacloprid . Future studies of imidacloprid injection should also quantify toxic metabolites for a more complete picture of imidacloprid distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide dose and seasonal timing of trunk injection in apples influence efficacy and residues in nectar and plant parts

Coslor

Vandervoort

Wise

2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Trunk injection is an established method for delivering pesticides in ornamental and shade trees, but further research is needed to determine efficacy and pollinator safety in tree fruit crops. Apple trees were injected in 2013 and 2014 with the insecticides emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, spinosad, chlorantraniliprole, or abamectin. Additional emamectin benzoate and imidacloprid injections were performed in the spring and fall of 2015. Nectar and pollen were sampled in the following spring to compare the effects of application timings on insecticide loading into flowers. RESULTS: Neonicotinoids reducedEmpoasca fabae density in the field. Emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole, and abamectin resulted in moderate to high mortality and reduced Choristoneura rosaceana feeding in bioassays. Imidacloprid was not detected in nectar or pollen when injected in the spring, and was detected at 0.39 ng g −1 in pollen when injected the previous fall. Emamectin benzoate was not detected in nectar or pollen when injected the previous fall, and was detected at 7.36 ng g −1 (nectar) and 1.15 ng g −1 (pollen) when injected in the spring.CONCLUSIONS: This study identified a broader list of possible trunk-injectable pesticides for apple trees. This study also shows that managing the seasonal timing of injection can reduce the risk of insecticide exposure to pollinators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide dose and seasonal timing of trunk injection in apples influence efficacy and residues in nectar and plant parts

Coslor

Vandervoort

Wise

2019

Pest Management Science

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“…Residual concentrations of imidacloprid were found throughout various tree tissues, including in the nuts and husks. In an identical test, dinotefuran was found in very small concentrations in some parts of the tree, but was absent in nut meat [80]. However, these two chemicals are not without controversy.…”

Section: Control Measuresmentioning

confidence: 95%

Thousand Cankers Disease Complex: A Forest Health Issue that Threatens Juglans Species across the U.S.

Daniels

Nix

Wadl

et al. 2016

Forests

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Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) is a disease complex wherein the fungus (Geosmithia morbida) is vectored by the walnut twig beetle (WTB, Pityophthorus juglandis). The disease causes mortality primarily of eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra), although other walnut and wingnut (Pterocarya) species are also susceptible. Black walnut is native to the Eastern and Midwestern U.S. but is widely planted in western states. Total standing volume in both urban and forested settings is approximately 96 million cubic meters, and is valued at $539 billion. Although native to the Southwestern U.S., the range of WTB has expanded considerably. The spread of G. morbida coincides with that of WTB. TCD was introduced into Tennessee in 2010, and has spread to seven eastern states. Trees infected with TCD exhibit drought-like symptoms, making field detection difficult without molecular and/or morphological methods. The recently sequenced G. morbida genome will provide valuable research tools focused on understanding gene interactions between organisms involved in TCD and mechanisms of pathogenicity. With no chemical treatments available, quarantine and sanitation are preeminent options for slowing the spread of TCD, although biological control agents have been discovered. High levels of black walnut mortality due to TCD will have far-reaching implications for both eastern and western states.

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“…Its estimated half-life in soil under field conditions is approximately 75 d [10]. Studies comparing the 2 compounds' metabolism in ash [50], hemlock [40], walnut [43], and avocado [41] suggest that dinotefuran tends to be translocated more quickly than imidacloprid; but it may also undergo relatively more rapid degradation in woody plant tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such information is needed to assess the range of concentrations to which bees might be exposed in urban landscape settings. Therefore, it tends to show more rapid uptake and translocation but also more rapid decline in plant tissues [40][41][42][43]. Dinotefuran is more water-soluble than imidacloprid, 39.8 vs 0.61 g/L, respectively [10], and has lower sorption to soil organic matter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dinotefuran is more water-soluble than imidacloprid, 39.8 vs 0.61 g/L, respectively [10], and has lower sorption to soil organic matter. Therefore, it tends to show more rapid uptake and translocation but also more rapid decline in plant tissues [40][41][42][43]. Manipulating application timing and taking advantage of the differences in systemic mobility and residual activity of imidacloprid and dinotefuran may be a way to minimize hazard to bees and still enable effective pest control for flowering woody landscape plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uptake and dissipation of neonicotinoid residues in nectar and foliage of systemically treated woody landscape plants

Mach

Bondarenko²,

Potter

2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Systemic neonicotinoid insecticides used in urban arboriculture could pose a risk to bees and other pollinators foraging on treated plants. We measured uptake and dissipation of soil-applied imidacloprid and dinotefuran in nectar and leaves of 2 woody plant species, a broadleaf evergreen tree (Ilex × attenuata) and a deciduous shrub (Clethra alnifolia), to assess concentrations to which pollinators and pests might be exposed in landscape settings. Three application timings, autumn (postbloom), spring (prebloom), and summer (early postbloom), were evaluated to see if taking advantage of differences in the neonicotinoids' systemic mobility and persistence might enable pest control while minimizing transference into nectar. Nectar and tissue samples were collected from in-ground plants and analyzed for residues by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) in 2 successive years. Concentrations found in nectar following autumn or spring applications ranged from 166 to 515 ng/g for imidacloprid and from 70 to 1235 ng/gg for dinotefuran, depending on plant and timing. These residues exceed concentrations shown to adversely affect individual- and colony-level traits of bees. Summer application mitigated concentrations of imidacloprid (8-31 ng/g), but not dinotefuran (235-1191 ng/g), in nectar. Our data suggest that dinotefuran may be more persistent than is generally believed. Implications for integrated pest and pollinator management in urban landscapes are discussed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:860-870. © 2017 SETAC.

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Concentration Levels of Imidacloprid and Dinotefuran in Five Tissue Types of Black Walnut, Juglans nigra

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Insecticide dose and seasonal timing of trunk injection in apples influence efficacy and residues in nectar and plant parts

Insecticide dose and seasonal timing of trunk injection in apples influence efficacy and residues in nectar and plant parts

Thousand Cankers Disease Complex: A Forest Health Issue that Threatens Juglans Species across the U.S.

Uptake and dissipation of neonicotinoid residues in nectar and foliage of systemically treated woody landscape plants

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