Concentration mapping around copper microelectrodes studied by scanning electrochemical microscopy

Gabrielli, C.; Ostermann, E.; Perrot, Hubert; Vivier, Vincent; Beitone, Lionel; Mace, Charles R.

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2005.06.018

Cited by 40 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[240] SECM kann auch vorteilhaft eingesetzt werden, um simulierte Korrosionsprozesse bei der Fertigung von integrierten Schaltkreisen zu verfolgen. [241] Die Bildung lokal unterschiedlicher Passivschichten wurde auf polykristallinen Ti/TiO 2 -Elektroden [227] -Reduktion mit einzelnen Kristalliten, die durch optische Mikroskopie zugänglich sind, über-einstimmen. [242] Weitere Untersuchungsmöglichkeiten zur Aufklärung lokaler Korrosionsphänomene zeichnen sich durch Impedanzmessungen an der UME ab.…”

Section: Verfolgen Der Aktiven Korrosion Und Der Passivierungunclassified

Elektrochemische Rastermikroskopie zur direkten Abbildung von Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten

Wittstock¹,

Burchardt²,

Pust³

et al. 2007

Angewandte Chemie

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Eine entscheidende Rolle in der Elektrochemie, aber auch in biologischen Systemen oder beim Transport durch Membranen, spielen lokale Prozesse an Fest‐flüssig‐Grenzflächen oder Flüssig‐flüssig‐Grenzflächen, die z. B. an Defektstellen, an Poren oder an einzelnen Zellen ablaufen und sich durch integrale Untersuchungsverfahren nur schwer erfassen lassen. Mit der elektrochemischen Rastermikroskopie steht eine Untersuchungsmethode für lokale Grenzflächenreaktionen zur Verfügung, die nach zwei Jahrzehnten Entwicklung eine solide theoretische Basis und eine große Zahl von Anwendungen aufweist. Sie bietet die Möglichkeit, Geschwindigkeiten heterogener Reaktionen direkt abzubilden und Oberflächen durch elektrochemisch erzeugte Reaktanten lokal zu modifizieren. Die Vielfalt der Anwendungen reicht von klassischen elektrochemischen Fragestellungen bei der Untersuchung lokaler Korrosionsphänomene und elektrokatalytischer Reaktionen in Brennstoffzellen, von Sensoroberflächen, Biochips und mikrostrukturierten Analysesystemen bis hin zum Massentransport durch synthetische Membranen, Haut und Gewebe sowie interzellulären Kommunikationsprozessen. Außerdem können Prozesse an Flüssigkeitsoberflächen oder an Flüssig‐flüssig‐Grenzflächen untersucht werden.

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Section: Verfolgen Der Aktiven Korrosion Und Der Passivierungunclassified

Elektrochemische Rastermikroskopie zur direkten Abbildung von Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten

Wittstock¹,

Burchardt²,

Pust³

et al. 2007

Angewandte Chemie

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“…The dissolution of Cu 2+ ions from a Cu bi-microelectrode as a model for an integrated circuit was investigated in oxalic acid solution in FB mode and GC mode [217]. While the GC mode has shown an enhanced Cu 2+ concentration above the anodically polarized Cu microelectrode only because of Cu dissolution (Figure 28a), FB mode images with [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4-as redox mediator evidenced a homogeneous electroactivity at both microelectrodes as well as at the area between them.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Localized Catalytic and Electrocatalytic Processes and Corrosion Reactions with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)

Pust¹,

Maier²,

Wittstock³

2008

Zeitschrift Für Physikalische Chemie

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Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) . Catalytic Electrodes .Electrochemical Energy Conversion . Fuel Cells . Oxygen Reduction Reaction . CorrosionScanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has developed into a very versatile tool for the investigation of solid-liquid, liquid-liquid and liquid-gas interfaces. The arrangement of an ultramicroelectrode (UME) in close proximity to the interface under study allows the application of a large variety of different experimental schemes. The most important have been named feedback mode, generation-collection mode, redox competition mode and direct mode. Quantitative descriptions are available for the UME signal, depending on different sample properties and experimental variables. Therefore, SECM has been established as an indispensible tool in many areas of fundamental electrochemical research. Currently, it also spreads as an important new method to solve more applied problems, in which inhomogeneous current distributions are typically observed on different length scales. Prominent examples include devices for electrochemical energy conversion such as fuel cells and batteries as well as localized corrosion phenomena. However, the direct local investigation of such systems is often impossible. Instead, suitable reaction schemes, sample environments, model samples and even new operation modes have to be introduced in order to obtain results that are relevant to the practical application. This review outlines and compares the theoretical basis of the different SECM working modes and reviews the application in the area of electrochemical energy conversion and localized

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“…Different methods for local electrochemical measurements have been developed during the last decades, distinguishing between scanning techniques such as the scanning electrochemical microscope [15,16] and techniques such as the electrochemical microcell [17,18] where only a small local area is delimitated and in direct contact with the electrolyte. Studies of local corrosion on heterogeneous metal surfaces have been successfully carried out with the electrochemical microcell as this technique allows to delimitate local areas of the samples without affecting the whole surface [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local electrochemical investigation of copper patina

Mennucci

Moreno

Aoki

et al. 2011

J Solid State Electrochem

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The patination of copper is known for its complexity and heterogeneous formation. For a deeper investigation, a locally resolved surface analysis was considered. An exact determination of the accessed area and a potentiostatic control in a three-electrode configuration was reached with the use of the electrochemical microcell technique, which enables local electrochemical measurement such as local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Such a technique provides a unique way for performing the investigation of heterogeneities on electrode surfaces. The local electrochemical measurements on the artificially patinated surface have allowed distinguishing areas of different reactivity even when the analysis of the surface revealed a homogenous chemical composition of patina. Local measurements with the electrochemical microcell showed the presence of small defects on the patina layer that can be modelled by considering a hemispherical diffusion process at small active areas surrounded by larger less reactive domains.

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Concentration mapping around copper microelectrodes studied by scanning electrochemical microscopy

Cited by 40 publications

References 23 publications

Elektrochemische Rastermikroskopie zur direkten Abbildung von Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten

Elektrochemische Rastermikroskopie zur direkten Abbildung von Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten

Investigation of Localized Catalytic and Electrocatalytic Processes and Corrosion Reactions with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)

Local electrochemical investigation of copper patina

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