Concentrations and chemical compositions of fine particles (PM2.5) during haze and non-haze days in Beijing

Zhang, Yang; Huang, Wei; Cai, Tianqi; Fang, Daqing; Wang, Yuqin; Song, Jian; Hu, Min; Zhang, Yuanxun

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.02.003

Cited by 145 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In the present work, on the basis of the latest national Ambient Air Quality Standards of China (GB3095-2012), the haze day is defined as a day with daily-averaged PM 2.5 concentration over 75 µg m −3 . The haze pollution episode is defined as the event that a set of continuous days with dailyaveraged PM 2.5 concentration exceeding 75 µg m −3 , which has been used to distinguish non-haze and haze episode in the literature (Che et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2016;Zheng et al, 2015Zheng et al, , 2016. During this campaign, there were four haze pollution episodes at Wangdu site as follows: Episode 1 (4-6 June), Episode 2 (12-17 June), Episode 3 (29 June-3 July) and Episode 4 (5-7 July) with elevated average PM 2.5 concentrations (75, 92, 79 and 99 µg m −3 , respectively).…”

Section: General Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of atmospheric peroxides during Wangdu Campaign 2014 at a rural site in the North China Plain

Wang

Chen

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Measurements of atmospheric peroxides were made during Wangdu Campaign 2014 at Wangdu, a rural site in the North China Plain (NCP) in summer 2014. The predominant peroxides were detected to be hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), methyl hydroperoxide (MHP) and peroxyacetic acid (PAA). The observed H 2 O 2 reached up to 11.3 ppbv, which was the highest value compared with previous observations in China at summer time. A box model simulation based on the Master Chemical Mechanism and constrained by the simultaneous observations of physical parameters and chemical species was performed to explore the chemical budget of atmospheric peroxides. Photochemical oxidation of alkenes was found to be the major secondary formation pathway of atmospheric peroxides, while contributions from alkanes and aromatics were of minor importance. The comparison of modeled and measured peroxide concentrations revealed an underestimation during biomass burning events and an overestimation on haze days, which were ascribed to the direct production of peroxides from biomass burning and the heterogeneous uptake of peroxides by aerosols, respectively. The strengths of the primary emissions from biomass burning were on the same order of the known secondary production rates of atmospheric peroxides during the biomass burning events. The heterogeneous process on aerosol particles was suggested to be the predominant sink for atmospheric peroxides. The atmospheric lifetime of peroxides on haze days in summer in the NCP was about 2-3 h, which is in good agreement with the laboratory studies. Further comprehensive investigations are necessary to better understand the impact of biomass burning and heterogeneous uptake on the concentration of peroxides in the atmosphere.

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Section: General Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of atmospheric peroxides during Wangdu Campaign 2014 at a rural site in the North China Plain

Wang

Chen

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…It has been shown that NH þ 4 , NO À 3 and SO 2À 4 represent the major ions of PM 2.5 in the Beijing atmosphere accounting for 9.8%, 12.0% and 16% of the PM 2.5 mass (R.J. . Zhang et al (2016) reported that water-soluble ions contributed 60% of the PM 2.5 mass during the summer months in Beijing and found that PM 2.5 samples were significantly acidic during hazy days. Therefore, investigations on water-soluble ions of PM 2.5 could have important implications for understanding the formation processes of haze in Beijing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the pollution control measures on PM2.5 during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade: Implication from water-soluble ions and sulfur isotope

Han

Guo

Liu

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tAir pollution by particulate matter is a serious problem in Beijing. Strict pollution control measures have been carried out in Beijing prior to and during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade in order to improve air quality. This distinct event provides an excellent opportunity for investigating the impact of such measures on the chemical properties of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 2.5 mm (PM 2.5 ). The water-soluble ions as well as sulfur and oxygen isotopes of sulfate in PM 2.5 collected between August 19 and September 18, 2015 (n ¼ 31) were analyzed in order to trace the sources and formation processes of PM 2.5 in Beijing. The results exhibit a decrease in concentration of water-soluble ions in PM 2.5 including aerosol sulfate. In contrast, the mean values of d 34 S sulfate (4.7 ± 0.8‰ vs. 5.0 ± 2.0‰) and d 18 O sulfate (18.3 ± 2.3‰ vs. 17.2 ± 6.0) in PM 2.5 during the air pollution control period and the non-source control period exhibit no significant differences, which suggests that despite a reduction in concentration, the sulfate source remains identical for the two periods. It is inferred that the decrease in concentration of sulfate in PM 2.5 mainly results from variations in air mass transport. Notably, the air mass during the pollution control period originated mainly from north and northeast and changed to southerly directions thereafter. The sulfur and oxygen isotopes of the sulfate point to coal combustion as the major source of sulfate in PM 2.5 from the Beijing area.

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“…PM2.5 is an aerosol particle with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm which can penetrate into human lungs. 2,16 PM10 is the fraction of aerosol particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µm. PM is the most dominant air pollutant with the highest concentrations during hazy days and determines the daily PSI readings.…”

Section: Measurement System and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Haze is a weather phenomenon that ranges from slight transient haze episodes to severe haze episodes, especially during the cold winter and spring seasons. 3 Previous studies on the basic characteristics of haze have been carried out: Haze is related both to the meteorological conditions and air pollution, especially a sharp increase in airborne fine airborne particulate matters due to anthropogenic emissions and gas-toparticle conversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The vertical structure of haze may complicate the radiation transfer process and it would alter the vertical profile of atmospheric heating rate, and thus facilitate the establishment of an extremely high concentration of airborne particulate matters near the surface layer. 5 Airborne particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of ammonium, sulfates, nitrates, mineral dust, trace elements, and organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), and it has become an important air quality indicator of ambient air because of its closely linked to air quality, human health problems, regional visibility, and global climate change, 2,[6][7][8][9][10] and much research has been done on PM. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Tianjin has been facing the serious PM2.5 pollution especially in winter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensing the Instant Corrosivity of Haze Using Electrochemical Probes by Electrochemical Noise Technique

Ma¹,

Xia²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

Electrochemistry

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Electrochemical noise (EN) was used to study the corrosivity of haze under Tianjin's urban atmosphere by using two electrochemical corrosion probes made by T91 and Q235B steels. Experimental results indicate that temperature, relative humidity and concentrations of pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, SO 2 , NO 2 and O 3 ) can affect the corrosion of T91 and Q235B atmospheric corrosion monitoring probes. However, the atmospheric humidity has a major effect on corrosion activities. The corrosivity of haze under low temperature and high relative humidity has a high level, which can promote the corrosion of T91 and Q235B probes; the effect of atmospheric pollutant concentration on atmospheric corrosivity is not apparent due to theirs low concentrations. T91 probe is suitable for long term corrosion monitoring, while Q235B probe is suitable for short time monitoring and has high detection precision.

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Concentrations and chemical compositions of fine particles (PM2.5) during haze and non-haze days in Beijing

Cited by 145 publications

References 55 publications

Observation of atmospheric peroxides during Wangdu Campaign 2014 at a rural site in the North China Plain

Observation of atmospheric peroxides during Wangdu Campaign 2014 at a rural site in the North China Plain

Effect of the pollution control measures on PM2.5 during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade: Implication from water-soluble ions and sulfur isotope

Sensing the Instant Corrosivity of Haze Using Electrochemical Probes by Electrochemical Noise Technique

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