Concentrations, decay rates, and removal of ozone and their relation to establishing clean indoor air

Sabersky, Rolf H.; Sinema, Daniel A.; Shair, F. H.

doi:10.1021/es60076a001

Cited by 148 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Such measurements have been made in numerous types of buildings, including residential, commercial and public structures. In studies conducted by Shair and coworkers at selected California Institute of Technology buildings (Sabersky et al, 1973;Hales et al, 1974;Shair, 1981), the indoor ozone concentrations were found to closely track outdoor concentrations and to be dependent on the air exchange rate. More recent examples of simultaneous indoor and outdoor ozone measurements include multiple locations in a Red Bank, New Jersey, USA office complex (Weschler et al, 1989(Weschler et al, , 1991(Weschler et al, , 1992, a telephone office in Burbank, California, USA (Weschler et al, 1994a, b), and six New Jersey homes (Zhang et al, 1994a).…”

Section: Indoor Ozone Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Furthermore, fleecy surfaces have more surface area than smooth surfaces. Rooms with fleecy surfaces such as carpeting, drapes and upholstered furniture tend to have larger surface removal rates for ozone than rooms without such appointments (Mueller et al, 1973;Sabersky et al, 1973). Hence the bedroom in Table 3 has a larger surface removal rate constant than offices with similar dimensions.…”

Section: Removal By Indoor Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ozone in Indoor Environments: Concentration and Chemistry

Weschler¹

2000

Indoor Air

644

541

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The concentration of indoor ozone depends on a number of factors, including the outdoor ozone concentration, air exchange rates, indoor emission rates, surface removal rates, and reactions between ozone and other chemicals in the air. Outdoor ozone concentrations often display strong diurnal variations, and this adds a dynamic excitation to the transport and chemical mechanisms at play. Hence, indoor ozone concentrations can vary significantly from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, and season-to-season, as well as from room-to-room and structure-to-structure. Under normal conditions, the half-life of ozone indoors is between 7 and 10 min and is determined primarily by surface removal and air exchange. Although reactions between ozone and most other indoor pollutants are thermodynamically favorable, in the majority of cases they are quite slow. Rate constants for reactions of ozone with the more commonly identified indoor pollutants are summarized in this article. They show that only a small fraction of the reactions occur at a rate fast enough to compete with air exchange, assuming typical indoor ozone concentrations. In the case of organic compounds, the ''fast'' reactions involve compounds with unsaturated carboncarbon bonds. Although such compounds typically comprise less than 10% of indoor pollutants, their reactions with ozone have the potential to be quite significant as sources of indoor free radicals and multifunctional (ªCΩO, ªCOOH, ªOH) stable compounds that are often quite odorous. The stable compounds are present as both gas phase and condensed phase species, with the latter contributing to the overall concentration of indoor submicron particles. Indeed, ozone/alkene reactions provide a link between outdoor ozone, outdoor particles and indoor particles. Indoor ozone and the products derived from reactions initiated by indoor ozone are potentially damaging to both human health and materials; more detailed explication of these impacts is an area of active investigation.Key words Ozone; I/O ratio; Indoor chemistry; Aldehydes; Particulates; Free radicals. Practical ImplicationsIndoor ozone contributes to total ozone exposures, and reactions driven by indoor ozone produce submicron particles that contribute to total particulate exposures. Indoor ozone concentrations are highly variable, but can be reasonably esti- Ozone reacts too slowly with most airborne pollutants for the process to be of practical significance. Ozone does react at a faster rate with a small subset of indoor pollutants, but the oxidation products are themselves potentially irritating to humans and damaging to materials.

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Section: Indoor Ozone Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Removal By Indoor Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone in Indoor Environments: Concentration and Chemistry

Weschler¹

2000

Indoor Air

644

541

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“…Given this range a central value of 5 × 10 --5 was selected for concrete--faced cracks. For plywood (using the same value for wood surfaces): γ = 4.7 × 10 --6 to 5.8 × 10 --7 [18]. A central value of 1 × 10 --6 was used in the calculations.…”

Section: Ozone Removal By the Building Envelopementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ventilation Strategies on Residential Ozone Levels

Walker

Sherman

2012

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Elevated outdoor ozone levels are associated with adverse health effects. Because people spend the vast majority of their time indoors, reduction in indoor levels of ozone of outdoor origin would lower population exposures and might also lead to a reduction in ozone--associated adverse health effects. In most buildings, indoor ozone levels are diminished with respect to outdoor levels to an extent that depends on surface reactions and on the degree to which ozone penetrates the building envelope. Ozone enters buildings from outdoors together with the airflows that are driven by natural and mechanical means, including deliberate ventilation used to reduce concentrations of indoor--generated pollutants. When assessing the effect of deliberate ventilation on occupant health one should consider not only the positive effects on removing pollutants of indoor origin but also the possibility that enhanced ventilation might increase indoor levels of pollutants originating outdoors. This study considers how changes in residential ventilation that are designed to comply with ASHRAE Standard 62.2 might influence indoor levels of ozone. Simulation results show that the building envelope can contribute significantly to filtration of ozone. Consequently, the use of exhaust ventilation systems is predicted to produce lower indoor ozone concentrations than would occur with balanced ventilation systems operating at the same air--exchange rate. We also investigated a strategy for reducing exposure to ozone that would deliberately reduce ventilation rates during times of high outdoor ozone concentration while still meeting daily average ventilation requirements.

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“…For ozone, the rate constant K was measured for several common surface materials by Sabersky et al 7 and Mueller et al, 23 who also measured Al V ratios for an office and a bedroom. The value of K was found to depend both on the surface material (cloth, for example, is more effective in removing ozone than is wallboard) and on the relative humidity (the higher the relative humidity is, the greater is the ozone removal rate).…”

Section: Model Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the A/V ratio for offices is typically smaller than for homes, while the A/V ratio for an automobile is much greater than either. The KA/V values used by PAQM for ozone were obtained as follows: The 21-building CalTech study 7 found that the average A/V ratio among the buildings surveyed was 0.275 ft" 1 . Assuming that this ratio is typical of offices generally, the corresponding KA/V value is 1.65 hr" 1 (assuming K to be 0.1 ft 3 /ft 2 -min).…”

Section: Model Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Effect of Being Indoors on Total Personal Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution

Hayes

1989

JAPCA

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Concentrations, decay rates, and removal of ozone and their relation to establishing clean indoor air

Cited by 148 publications

References 6 publications

Ozone in Indoor Environments: Concentration and Chemistry

Ozone in Indoor Environments: Concentration and Chemistry

Effect of Ventilation Strategies on Residential Ozone Levels

Estimating the Effect of Being Indoors on Total Personal Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution

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