Concentrations of Nandrolone metabolites in urine after the therapeutic administration of an ophthalmic solution

In vitro evaluation of the effects of anti‐fungals, benzodiazepines and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on the glucuronidation of 19‐norandrosterone: implications on doping control analysis

“…[2,3] Once administered, nandrolone is almost entirely metabolized in the body and excreted only in conjugated form. [4][5][6][7] The phase I biotransformation pathways largely follow those of testosterone, with oxidation of the hydroxy group in the 17 position (catalyzed by 17βhydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) and complete reduction of the A-ring (reduction of the double bond in the 4 position, catalyzed by the 5α/β-reductase, and of the keto function in position 3, catalyzed by 3α/β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase). As a result, four metabolites are formed: 19-norandrosterone (3α-hydroxy-5α-estran-17one, 19-NA), 19-noretiocholanolone (3α-hydroxy-5β-estran-17one), 19-norepiandrosterone (3β-hydroxy-5α-estran-17-one), and 19norepietiocholanolone (3β-hydroxy-5β-estran-17one).…”

“…As a result, four metabolites are formed: 19-norandrosterone (3α-hydroxy-5α-estran-17one, 19-NA), 19-noretiocholanolone (3α-hydroxy-5β-estran-17one), 19-norepiandrosterone (3β-hydroxy-5α-estran-17-one), and 19norepietiocholanolone (3β-hydroxy-5β-estran-17one). [4][5][6] The above-mentioned phase I metabolites undergo conjugation reactions catalyzed by uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl-transferases (UGT) and/or sulfotransferases (SULT), to form the corresponding glucuro-and sulfo-conjugated metabolites. More specifically, 19-NA and 19-noretiocholanolone are excreted in urine mainly as glucuronides, whereas 19-norepiandrosterone and 19-norepietiocholanolone are excreted as sulphates [7][8][9][10][11] (see Figure 1 for the scheme of the phase I and II biotransformation pathways of 19-nortestosterone).…”

“…Nandrolone can be administered either by intramuscular injection or through oral administration of its esters (i.e., 19‐nortestosterone decanoate or 19‐nortestosterone proprionate) and/or precursors (i.e., 19‐norandrostenedione or 19‐norandrostenediol) . Once administered, nandrolone is almost entirely metabolized in the body and excreted only in conjugated form . The phase I biotransformation pathways largely follow those of testosterone, with oxidation of the hydroxy group in the 17 position (catalyzed by 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) and complete reduction of the A‐ring (reduction of the double bond in the 4 position, catalyzed by the 5α/β‐reductase, and of the keto function in position 3, catalyzed by 3α/β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase).…”

“…The phase I biotransformation pathways largely follow those of testosterone, with oxidation of the hydroxy group in the 17 position (catalyzed by 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) and complete reduction of the A‐ring (reduction of the double bond in the 4 position, catalyzed by the 5α/β‐reductase, and of the keto function in position 3, catalyzed by 3α/β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase). As a result, four metabolites are formed: 19‐norandrosterone (3α‐hydroxy‐5α‐estran‐17‐one, 19‐NA), 19‐noretiocholanolone (3α‐hydroxy‐5β‐estran‐17one), 19‐norepiandrosterone (3β‐hydroxy‐5α‐estran‐17‐one), and 19‐norepietiocholanolone (3β‐hydroxy‐5β‐estran‐17one) . The above‐mentioned phase I metabolites undergo conjugation reactions catalyzed by uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl‐transferases (UGT) and/or sulfotransferases (SULT), to form the corresponding glucuro‐ and sulfo‐conjugated metabolites.…”

First case of fatal pulmonary peliosis without any other organ involvement in a young testosterone abusing male

“…The sample preparation methodology was similar to the methods currently used by the anti-doping laboratories for the extraction of anabolic steroids from urine [2,3]. Briefly the method is as follows: a 5.0 mL volume of urine was mixed with 1 mL of 0.1 M pH 7.0 phosphate buffer and 25 mL methyl testosterone 10 ng/mL (internal standard).…”