Concentrations of THC, CBD, and CBN in commercial hemp seeds and hempseed oil sold in Korea

Jang, Eunyoung; Kim, Hyo-Jeong; Jang, Seojeong; Lee, Jaesin; Baeck, Seungkyung; In, Sanghwan; Kim, Eun‐Mi; Kim, Yong‐ung; Han, Eunyoung

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.110064

Cited by 72 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In addition, the levels of tolerable daily intake (TDI) of coumarin are restricted to 0.1 mg/kg body weight [26]. Hemp seeds and their mechanically produced press-cake may contain some micro-residues of psychotropic tetrahydro-cannabinol (THC), which is also fairly soluble in supercritical CO 2 and is removed during SFE-CO 2 [27,28].…”

Section: Characterisation Of Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Raw and Defatted by Supercritical CO2 Hemp Seed Press-Cake and Sweet Grass Antioxidant Extract in Pork Burger Patties

Kerner

Jõudu

Tänavots

et al. 2021

Foods

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There is an increasing tendency toward the application of plant origin ingredients in meat products. This study evaluates the physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of pork burger patties produced with the addition of dried raw and defatted by supercritical CO2 extraction hemp seed press-cake as protein-rich ingredients (1.5–2.0%) and sweet grass ethanolic extract (0.5%) as a strong natural antioxidant. The main aim of using such a combination was to assess the possibility of mitigating the negative effects of hemp seed press-cake, containing approx. 10% of highly unsaturated oil, on the oxidation of meat products. The patties were compared with the control sample (without additives) during storage on days 0, 4, 8, 15, and 21 at 4 °C in modified atmosphere conditions. Plant ingredients reduced the lightness of pork patties, while their effects on other physicochemical characteristics were insignificant. The patties with fully defatted hemp seed flour showed the lowest grilling losses. Based on the measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, raw hemp seed press-cake increased the oxidative rate of pork patties; however, remarkably, the addition of sweet grass extract completely inhibited oxidation during the whole period of storage. The sensory characteristics of the products were acceptable; however, the patties with sweet grass extract received lower evaluation scores.

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Section: Characterisation Of Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Raw and Defatted by Supercritical CO2 Hemp Seed Press-Cake and Sweet Grass Antioxidant Extract in Pork Burger Patties

Kerner

Jõudu

Tänavots

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Among the different parts of the plant, hemp seeds are the only one to be authorized for food applications [3], as cannabinoids are present mainly due to cross-contamination during harvesting and processing [4]. Since ancient times, hemp seeds were consumed in the human diet; however, they were replaced by other seeds and used as feed materials for all animal species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to underline that a specific regulation concerning the analytical parameters for the quality assessment of hemp seed oils is still lacking, although the increasing interest towards hemp food products for human consumption has prompted few countries to issue guidelines about the acceptable level of ∆ 9 -THC in hemp seeds, hempseed oil, or processed food [4,[16][17][18]. Indeed, some studies discuss the development of a proper analytical procedure for the detection of cannabinoids levels and ratio in hemp seeds and hempseed oils [4,[19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Hemp Seed Oils: A Multimethodological Characterization

et al. 2020

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Nine commercial hemp seed oils from different countries were studied using a multimethodological approach to obtain information about their quality and chemical composition. Due to the lack of a specific regulation for hemp seed oils, quality parameters used in the case of olive oils (free acidity, peroxides number, spectrophotometer parameters) and anisidine number were measured and compared with those reported for extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Free acidity and peroxides number showed a great variability, ranging from 0.4 to 17.24% and from 4.32 to 22.14 meqO2/kg, respectively, whereas the anisidine number ranged from 0.11 to 3.58. K232 value turned out to be generally below the limit reported for EVOO, whereas K270 and ΔK values were higher, with respect to EVOO limits, due to the high amount of tri-unsaturated fatty chains. Colorimetric analysis showed a peculiar curve trend that could represent the fingerprint of this product. Untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance methodology allowed to measure the amount of fatty chains, ω-6:ω-3 ratio, β-sitosterol, and aldehydes. The ω-6:ω-3 ratio turned out to be, in some cases, different from that reported on the bottle labels. Finally, lipoperoxidation assays were also carried out under different storage (light and temperature) and time exposure conditions, confirming that the exposure to direct light is the condition that interferes more with the product quality.

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“…The discovery of the endocannabinoid 1 and endocannabinoid 2 systems, 4 decades ago, awakened the medicinal interest of these substances [46]. These compounds have a high solubility in non-polar solvents and are volatile at the injection temperatures in a gas chromatography equipment, consequently a qualification and quantification of them occur in a very good manner in GC/MS systems [47,48]. The LC/MS is also useful in the analysis of these substances [49][50].…”

Section: Cannabinolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectrometry and Its Importance for the Analysis and Discovery of Active Molecules in Natural Products

Noriega¹,

Gortaire²,

Osorio³

2022

Natural Drugs From Plants

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Mass spectrometry is one of the best techniques for analyzing the structure of a molecule. It usually provides information about the molecular weight of a substance, and it can present atomic mass units and up to ten thousandths of atomic mass units depending on the accuracy of the mass analyzer. In addition, it provides information on the positive ions formed in the ionization process, which is linked to the chemical structure of the molecule and the nature of the bonds. This technique is widely used for analyzing compounds from natural products. The development of the technique combined with the use of software and databases has been remarkable in recent years, improving the ionization processes and the ion analysis. Since natural products generally constitute a mixture of a complex quantity of components, mechanisms have been developed for coupling to chromatographic techniques of various kinds. This review aims to show how mass spectrometry has contributed to the qualitative quality control in natural products, as well as in the finding of new metabolites of industrial interest.

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Concentrations of THC, CBD, and CBN in commercial hemp seeds and hempseed oil sold in Korea

Cited by 72 publications

References 14 publications

Application of Raw and Defatted by Supercritical CO2 Hemp Seed Press-Cake and Sweet Grass Antioxidant Extract in Pork Burger Patties

Application of Raw and Defatted by Supercritical CO2 Hemp Seed Press-Cake and Sweet Grass Antioxidant Extract in Pork Burger Patties

Commercial Hemp Seed Oils: A Multimethodological Characterization

Mass Spectrometry and Its Importance for the Analysis and Discovery of Active Molecules in Natural Products

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