Concept design and derivation of the round trip time for a general two-dimensional elevator traffic system

So, Albert; Al-Sharif, Lutfi; Hammoudeh, Ahmad

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2015.12.006

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The traffic analysis of a special and then a general two-dimensional elevator system was studied. 16,17 The building facade is turned into the two-dimensional hoistway of the elevator system, like rooks moving on the chess board. Every elevator car can freely move horizontally and vertically.…”

Section: History Of Development Of Ropeless Elevatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of linear PMSM driven ropeless elevators

Chan

2018

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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In recent years, buildings have become taller and wider. The conventional approach of one roped elevator car per hoistway seems increasingly impractical. The idea of ropeless elevators using linear motors was proposed more than 30 years ago, but it was merely treated as wishful thinking by the industry at that time due to lots of safety concerns. And discussion by the industry has mainly been qualitative in nature. In recent years, an international manufacturer announced the development of a prototype and the world's first installation may probably be open to public before the end of 2018. So far, academic studies have mainly focused on the study of linear motors with generic applications, while this paper focuses on the performance of the motor drive from an elevator's point of view. In this paper, we investigate the mechanism of the drive, and the linear permanent magnet synchronous motor and, by discretizing the equations of the full mathematical model, we fine tune the parameters and design suitable controllers. We evaluate its performance by computer simulation, based on the necessary kinematics of a real elevator, so as to arrive at some design guidelines. Finally, the most critical safety concern, i.e. free fall during a total power failure, is quantitatively studied by short circuiting all motor windings. Methods to achieve a reasonably constant and low descending speed, have been studied with parameters estimated analytically, and are verified by simulation. For the sake of illustrating the concept as an initial trial, simplified circuit models, controllers and sensors are all assumed as being ideal. It is hoped that this paper will stimulate the research interest of both the academic world and the industry, while the inclusion of more losses, armature reactions, and imperfections, etc., could be tackled in a further study. Practical application: The application of one roped elevator car in taller and wider buildings seems increasingly impractical. This paper considers the analysis of the application of ropeless elevators using linear motors focusing on the performance of the motor drive from an elevator's point of view. A basic mathematical framework is developed to study and design the controllers and drive of a multi-car elevator system by using linear permanent magnet synchronous motors with emphasis on the elevator performance as a whole system. The paper is aimed at stimulating research interest to drive the appropriate analysis and application of linear permanent magnet synchronous motor driven ropeless elevators.

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Section: History Of Development Of Ropeless Elevatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of linear PMSM driven ropeless elevators

Chan

2018

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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“…Elevators are indispensable in modern highrise buildings and serve users with high efficiency and quality. With the rapid development of the economy and the rapid growth of the urban population, the scale of modern buildings is expanding, and the span of buildings is increasing [5]. Traditional elevators can only solve the problem of vertical transportation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Design of a Vertical and Transverse Elevator in Double Shafts, Based on TRIZ Theory

Chen¹,

Li²,

Yang³

et al. 2019

SV-JME

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With the rapid growth of urban populations, the scale of modern buildings is expanding, and the span of buildings is increasing. Traditional elevators can only solve the problem of vertical transportation. Passengers still need to spend time walking to their destination after leaving the elevator. Based on the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ), this paper uses functional models, causal analysis, conflict analysis, the Su-Field model, and other tools to innovate on the basis of traditional elevators. A vertical and transverse elevator design proposal for double shafts structures and corresponding control strategies is proposed. Based on C#, simulations of the effect of the vertical and transverse elevator on the passenger mobility efficiency are conducted in an 8-story building at different transverse distances and densities. The simulation results show that the vertical and transverse elevator can effectively improve the mobility efficiency of passengers in the horizontal direction in the studied environment, and the mobility efficiency of all passengers also significantly improves. As the transverse distance increases, the mobility efficiency of all passengers using the proposed elevator also increases.

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“…8 The idea of having elevators that use the fac¸ade of the building to move vertically and horizontally is considered both in the research and in the industry. [9][10][11][12][13][14] In the research, various arrangements of twodimensional elevators have been presented in literature. [12][13][14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14] In the research, various arrangements of twodimensional elevators have been presented in literature. [12][13][14] . The proposed system in So et al, 12,13 denoted as the special system of twodimensional elevators, restricted the movement of the car to a movement inside two vertical shafts and two horizontal shafts that form a rectangle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposed system in So et al, 12,13 denoted as the special system of twodimensional elevators, restricted the movement of the car to a movement inside two vertical shafts and two horizontal shafts that form a rectangle. Another system presented in So et al 14 removed the restrictions and proposed a car that moves more freely in a grid fixed within the building fac¸ade, where the grid consists of horizontal and vertical tracks that are perpendicularly intersected. At the intersection of the tracks, the elevator can move from a horizontal track to a vertical track and vice versa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Route selection for a three-dimensional elevator using deep reinforcement learning

Hammoudeh

2019

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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While the car of the conventional elevator system moves only vertically in one dimension (up and down), the car of the three-dimensional elevator system travels in three perpendicular dimensions. The elevator moves through a vertical shaft to a certain floor and then the elevator serves multiple passengers distributed among different rooms at that floor. The controller decides which route should be taken to serve the passengers. This article proposes the use of deep reinforcement learning to select a route for the three-dimensional elevator. Deep reinforcement learning method learns from experiencing a large number of scenarios generated using Monte Carlo simulation offline. Once trained, deep reinforcement learning can select the route online. Numerical experimentations are used to show the superiority of deep reinforcement learning in finding an optimum or near optimum-route instantaneously. Although deep reinforcement learning is closer to finding the optimum route than other methods, finding an optimum route is not always guaranteed. Deep reinforcement learning has some limitations that include the long training time and the difficulties in training the neural networks. Practical application:Multidimensional elevators have been of expanding interest to the elevator industry as well as to traffic analysis engineers. This article demonstrates that deep reinforcement learning surpasses other methods in finding an optimum or near-optimum route for the three-dimensional elevator, and it also overcomes the challenges of the non-intelligent methods. This article can help enterprises that develop multidimensional elevators in overcoming the challenges of the controller in addition to boosting the feasibility of multidimensional elevators.

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Concept design and derivation of the round trip time for a general two-dimensional elevator traffic system

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

A study of linear PMSM driven ropeless elevators

A study of linear PMSM driven ropeless elevators

Innovative Design of a Vertical and Transverse Elevator in Double Shafts, Based on TRIZ Theory

Route selection for a three-dimensional elevator using deep reinforcement learning

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