Concept of fat balance in human obesity revisited with particular reference to de novo lipogenesis

Schütz, Y.

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802852

Cited by 54 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This is in agreement with previous studies where lower expression of FASN was seen in adipose tissue of obese individuals, despite this group having increased hepatic lipogenesis compared with the lean [13], and where lower expression of FASN was seen in adipose tissue of obese individuals irrespectively of diet [35]. Other studies have not found any clear evidence that DNL is more active in adipose tissue obtained from obese individuals [36], even following a high carbohydrate diet [12]. In contrast to our findings, Berndt et al [14] recently found increased FASN expression in the adipose tissue of obese compared with lean individuals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Together with our results, this implies that lipogenic genes do not seem to be expressed in tandem in the liver and adipose tissue, and may even be regulated in a reciprocal fashion. Dietary composition is known to have a large influence on hepatic and adipose DNL [36]. In our study, the participants were following their habitual diet, and no correlation was seen between adipose tissue DNL gene expression and carbohydrate or fat, or indeed total energy intake (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Markers of de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissue: associations with small adipocytes and insulin sensitivity in humans

et al. 2009

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Aims/hypothesis Previous studies have shown relationships between fatty acid ratios in adipose tissue triacylglycerol (TG), adipocyte size and measures of insulin sensitivity. We hypothesised that variations in adipose tissue de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in relation to adiposity might explain some of these observations. Methods In a cross-sectional study, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsies from 59 people were examined in relation to fasting and post-glucose insulin sensitivity. Adipocyte size, TG fatty acid composition and mRNA expression of lipogenic genes were determined. Results We found strong positive relationships between adipose tissue TG content of the fatty acids myristic acid (14:0) and stearic acid (18:0) with insulin sensitivity (HOMA model) (p<0.01 for each), and inverse relationships with adipocyte size (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Markers of de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissue: associations with small adipocytes and insulin sensitivity in humans

et al. 2009

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“…[1][2][3][4] Here, we extended these concepts to relate quantitatively the longitudinal body composition changes with adaptations of substrate utilization. Although Forbes's logarithmic body composition relationship was used for illustrative purposes in the present study, the same analysis could be applied to any function relating longitudinal changes of lean mass to fat mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] However, it remains to be elucidated exactly how longitudinal body composition changes are quantitatively related to the properties of macronutrient balance. Here, we asked the following question: how must substrate utilization quantitatively adapt to a given energy imbalance to produce the longitudinal body composition changes proposed by Forbes 5 ?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How adaptations of substrate utilization regulate body composition

2007

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Objective: To elucidate the mathematical relationship between longitudinal changes of body composition and the adaptations of substrate utilization required to produce those changes. Design: We developed a simple mathematical model of macronutrient balance. By using an empirical relationship describing lean body mass as a function of fat mass, we derived a mathematical expression for how substrate utilization adapts to changes of diet, energy expenditure and body fat such that energy imbalances produced the required changes of body composition. Results: The general properties of our model implied that short-term changes of dietary fat alone had little impact on either fat or non-fat oxidation rates, in agreement with indirect calorimetry data. In contrast, changes of non-fat intake caused robust adaptations of both fat and non-fat oxidation rates. Without fitting any model parameters, the predicted body composition changes and oxidation rates agreed with experimental studies of overfeeding and underfeeding when the measured food intake, energy expenditure and initial body composition were used as model inputs. Conclusion: This is the first report to define the quantitative connection between longitudinal changes of body composition and the required relationship between substrate utilization, diet, energy expenditure and body fat mass. The mathematical model predictions are in good agreement with experimental data and provide the basis for future study of how changes of substrate utilization impact body composition regulation.

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“…It was suggested that this was indicative of a decrease in fat oxidation and decreased rate of de novo lipogenesis [31]. These both seem unlikely since levels of lipid oxidation among the quinoa and the control diet did not differ [31] and furthermore, increased, rather than decreased de novo lipogensis from carbohydrate would lead to an increase in the RQ value [34].…”

Section: Effects On Weight Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Effects Associated with Quinoa Consumption and Implications for Research Involving Humans: a Review

Simnadis

Tapsell

Beck

2015

Plant Foods Hum Nutr

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Quinoa is a pseudo-grain consumed as a dietary staple in South America. In recent years, consumer demand for quinoa in the developed world has grown steadily. Its perceived health benefits have been cited as a driving force behind this trend, but there are very few human studies investigating the impact of quinoa consumption. The aim of this review was to identify physiological effects of quinoa consumption with potential for human health. A critical evaluation of animal model studies was conducted. The quality of identified studies was assessed using a methodological quality assessment tool and summative conclusions were drawn to guide the direction of future human research. The majority of studies were of fair quality. Purported physiological effects of quinoa consumption included decreased weight gain, improved lipid profile and improved capacity to respond to oxidative stress. These physiological effects were attributed to the presence of saponins, protein and 20-hydroxyecdysone in the quinoa seed. The implications of these findings are that human studies should investigate the impact of quinoa consumption on weight gain and lipid levels. The role of quinoa as an antioxidant is still unclear and requires further elucidation in animal models. Disciplines Medicine and Health Sciences | Social and Behavioral Sciences AbstractQuinoa is a pseudo-grain consumed as a dietary staple in South America. In recent years, consumer demand for quinoa in the developed world has grown steadily. Its perceived health benefits have been cited as a driving force behind this trend, but there are very few human studies investigating the impact of quinoa consumption.The aim of this review was to identify physiological effects of quinoa consumption with potential for human health. A critical evaluation of animal model studies was conducted. The quality of identified studies was assessed using a methodological quality assessment tool and summative conclusions were drawn to guide the direction of future human research. The majority of studies were of fair quality. Purported physiological effects of quinoa consumption included decreased weight gain, improved lipid profile and improved capacity to respond to oxidative stress. These physiological effects were attributed to the presence of saponins, protein and 20-2 hydroxyecdysone in the quinoa seed. The implications of these findings are that human studies should investigate the impact of quinoa consumption on weight gain and lipid levels. The role of quinoa as an antioxidant is still unclear and requires further elucidation in animal models.

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Concept of fat balance in human obesity revisited with particular reference to de novo lipogenesis

Cited by 54 publications

References 38 publications

Markers of de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissue: associations with small adipocytes and insulin sensitivity in humans

Markers of de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissue: associations with small adipocytes and insulin sensitivity in humans

How adaptations of substrate utilization regulate body composition

Physiological Effects Associated with Quinoa Consumption and Implications for Research Involving Humans: a Review

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