Conception rate and reproductive function of dairy cows fed different fat sources

Petit, H.V.; Twagiramungu, H.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.04.029

Cited by 107 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Observations recorded for embryo quality at five (Cerri et al, , 2009) and seven (Thangavelu et al, 2007) days after insemination, and for embryo survival (Petit and Twagiramungu, 2006) and conception rate to first insemination (Juchem et al, , 2010 support the finding that, for the oocyte and early embryo, some fatty acids among the polyunsaturates, in particular linolenic, are superior to others.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…In that scenario it was argued that the causal mechanism was the reduction in plasma progesterone concentrations that accompanies high levels of feeding in the ewe (McEvoy et al, 1995). Although progesterone concentrations were not measured in the present study it is unlikely that the fish oil would have reduced them since all the evidence, albeit mostly from dairy cattle studies Bilby et al, 2006;Petit and Twagiramungu, 2006;Thangavelu et al, 2007) but also supported by sheep data (Kuran et al, 1999), indicates that supplementary dietary lipids elevate progesterone. In the Kuran et al (1999) study referred to just now, we found that dietary lipid was associated with significantly enhanced progesterone synthesis in primary explants of ovine luteal tissue in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

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Impact of contrasting fish oil concentrations in the diet on ovine embryo development in vivo and of corresponding diet-specific derivative sera during in vitro culture

McEvoy¹,

Önal²,

Speake³

et al. 2012

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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In the first of two experiments, numbers of ovulations and day 5 embryo yields were unaffected by fish oil (0, 3 or 6% w/w) in ewe diets; oestradiol concentrations and numbers of large ovarian follicles were increased. Fish oil tended to suppress embryo development and limit blastocyst diameter and cell number but not protein synthesis. In the second experiment IVF-derived embryos were cultured in medium supplemented with foetal calf serum (FCS) or, as in vitro equivalents to Experiment 1, serum from ewes fed rations supplemented with 0 (C), 3 (3F) or 6 (6F)% fish oil. Cleavage rates were not affected by serum source. More Grade 1 to 1.5 blastocysts were produced when using 3F serum (32% of blastocysts) than with C (27%; ns) or 6F (16%; P<0.05) or FCS (10%; P<0.005). It is suggested that at less than 3% inclusion in the diet of ewes, there may be beneficial effects of fish oil fatty acids on embryo production in vivo and of the corresponding ewe serum during in vitro culture. Higher concentrations are counter-productive.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Impact of contrasting fish oil concentrations in the diet on ovine embryo development in vivo and of corresponding diet-specific derivative sera during in vitro culture

McEvoy¹,

Önal²,

Speake³

et al. 2012

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…Feeding omega 3 FA such as fish oil increases the amount of omega 3 FA found in uterine lipids (Burns et al, 2003), which may have direct effects on reproduction. However, feeding omega 3 and omega 6 FA results in similar length of the first luteal phase, days to first rise in milk progesterone concentration, days to first luteal phase, length of first luteal phase, peak milk progesterone concentration at first oestrus cycle, area under the curve of milk progesterone at first oestrous cycle, mean milk progesterone concentration at first oestrus cycle and the number of short and normal luteal phases (Petit and Twagiramungu, 2006).…”

Section: Fas Antioxidants and Reproductive Performancementioning

confidence: 92%

“…In this context, the types of FA involved have been found to be important. Many studies have shown that feeding omega 3 compared to omega 6 FA improves the fertility of cows through a decrease in embryo mortality (Ambrose et al, 2006;Petit and Twagiramungu, 2006). Feeding omega 3 FA such as fish oil increases the amount of omega 3 FA found in uterine lipids (Burns et al, 2003), which may have direct effects on reproduction.…”

Section: Fas Antioxidants and Reproductive Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, following the more intensive management of dairy cows over the last decades, there has been a decreased dependence on grass as forage and a subsequent increase in omega 6 to omega 3 FA ratio in the diet (Pike and Barlow, 2000), which may lead to sub-fertility in dairy cows. Supplementation with omega 3 FA contributes also to enhance the reproduction through better immunity as shown by the decrease in the proliferative response of mononuclear cells transiently at the time of embryo implantation in dairy cows fed whole flaxseed (Lessard et al, 2003), which decreases embryo mortality in cows (Petit and Twagiramungu, 2006). Figure 4 Schematic representation of the effect of negative energy balance, that is, body energy mobilisation, on reproductive performance.…”

Section: Fas Antioxidants and Reproductive Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional sub-fertility in the dairy cow: towards improved reproductive management through a better biological understanding

Friggens

Disenhaus

Petit

2010

Animal

Self Cite

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There has been a significant decline in the reproductive performance of dairy cattle in recent decades. Cows, take longer time to return to the oestrus after calving, have poorer conception rates, and show fewer signs of oestrus. Achieving good reproductive performance is an increasing challenge for the dairy producer. In this study we focus on understanding the overall biological phenomena associated with nutritional sub-fertility rather than the underlying multiplicity of physiological interactions (already described in a number of recent studies). These phenomena are important because they represent the natural adaptations of the animal for dealing with variations in the nutritional environment. They can also be used to monitor and modulate reproductive performance on-farm. There is an underlying trade-off between two aspects of reproduction: investment in the viability of the current calf and investment in future offspring. As the investment in, and viability of, the current calf is related to maternal milk production, we can expect that level of milk production per se has effects on subsequent reproductive performance (investment in future offspring). Lactating cows have a lower proportion of viable embryos, which are of poorer quality, than do non-lactating cows. The same applies to high-compared to medium-genetic merit cows. Another important biological property is the adaptive use of body reserves in support of reproduction. Orchestrated endocrine changes in pregnancy and lactation facilitate the deposition of body lipid during pregnancy and mobilisation in early lactation. When the cow fails to accumulate the reserves she needs to safeguard reproduction she delays committing to further reproductive investment. But how does the cow 'know' that she is failing in energy terms? We argue that the cow does this by 'monitoring' both the body fat mobilisation and body fatness. Excessive body fat mobilisation indicates that current conditions are worse than expected. Body fatness indicates the future ability of the cow to safeguard her reproductive investment is compromised. Both delay further reproductive commitment. The relationship between reproductive performance and; milk production as an index of maternal investment, body fatness as an index of ability to safeguard reproductive investment, and body fat mobilisation as an index of the current nutritional environment -are examined. Nutritional strategies that seek to modulate body mobilisation and the endocrine environment by use of glucogenic and lipogenic diets, and the use of in-line progesterone profiles to monitor reproductive status are then discussed in this biological context.

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Protection of fatty acids against ruminal biohydrogenation in cattle

Jenkins

Bridges

2007

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

147

106

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The increased need for intestinal absorption of unsaturated fatty acids in cattle is driven mainly by nutritional guidelines that promote reduced intake of saturated fatty acids by humans, and by reports of enhanced animal performance (such as reproductive performance) when additional essential fatty acids are supplied. A duodenal flow dataset was compiled from 25 published studies that provided up to 93 observations on fatty acid intakes and ruminal outflows across a multitude of unprotected and protected fat sources. Control diets with no added fat and diets containing unprotected fat sources had similar and predictable ruminal losses of unsaturated fatty acids (86% for linolenic and oleic acids, and 82% for linoleic acids). Rumen protection technologies that have emerged over the years involve either encapsulation of unsaturated fatty acids inside a microbial-resistant shell (such as formaldehyde-treated or lipid encapsulated), or alteration of fatty acid structure (such as calcium salts or fatty amides) to resist action of microbial enzymes. Calcium salts of fatty acids, because they are available commercially, comprised the majority of observations in the duodenal flow dataset. Meta-analysis of the duodenal dataset that included random study effects revealed only a few instances where protected fat sources gave ruminal losses of polyunsaturated fatty acids that were appreciably lower than what was seen for unprotected fats. Future challenges include enhancing protection characteristics of existing rumen-protected fat sources, and development and commercialization of novel protection strategies.

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Conception rate and reproductive function of dairy cows fed different fat sources

Cited by 107 publications

References 23 publications

Impact of contrasting fish oil concentrations in the diet on ovine embryo development <i>in vivo</i> and of corresponding diet-specific derivative sera during <i>in vitro</i> culture

Impact of contrasting fish oil concentrations in the diet on ovine embryo development <i>in vivo</i> and of corresponding diet-specific derivative sera during <i>in vitro</i> culture

Nutritional sub-fertility in the dairy cow: towards improved reproductive management through a better biological understanding

Protection of fatty acids against ruminal biohydrogenation in cattle

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