Concepts and their surface representations

Snodgrass, Joan G.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(84)90479-1

Cited by 211 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In some models, this conversion depends on direct grapheme-phoneme translations (Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, & Haller, 1993;Coltheart, Rastle, Parry, Langdon, & Ziegler, 2001); in other models, it consists of a connectionist type of conversion between letters and sounds (Plaut, McClelland, Seidenberg, & Patterson, 1996); and in still other models, it additionally consists of a direct link between an orthographic input lexicon and the speech output system (e.g., Besner, 1999). In contrast, nearly all models of picture naming (e.g., Glaser, 1992;Snodgrass, 1984;Theios & Amrhein, 1989;Humphreys, Price, & Riddoch, 1999) assume that pictures cannot be named if their meaning is not understood. Neuropsychological evidence for this position was reported by Hodges and Greene (1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Are Arabic numerals processed as pictures in a Stroop interference task?

Fias¹,

Reynvoet²,

Brysbaert³

2001

Psychological Research

106

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In a picture-word interference task, picture naming is interfered by an incongruent word, but word naming is hardly hindered by the presence of an incongruent picture. In this study, we investigated whether Arabic digits are processed more like pictures or like words. We report two experiments in which Arabic digits and verbal numerals were confronted in a Stroop task. Arabic digit naming is interfered by the presence of an incongruent verbal numeral, while naming the verbal numeral is not in¯uenced by the presence of an incongruent Arabic digit. In a second experiment, we excluded the hypothesis that the results are due to ignoring the Arabic digits: interferences from an incongruent distracter were similar for both notations in a semantic classi®cation task. It seems that an asemantic conversion for Arabic digits is too slow to in¯uence naming times, and that Arabic digit naming, like picture naming, is semantically mediated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Are Arabic numerals processed as pictures in a Stroop interference task?

Fias¹,

Reynvoet²,

Brysbaert³

2001

Psychological Research

106

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“…If one has the concept Things to remove from a burning house, even children and jewelry become similar (Barsalou, 1983). The spoken phonemes /d/ /o/ /g/, the French word chien, the written word dog, and a picture of a dog can all trigger one's concept of dog (Snodgrass, 1984), and although they may trigger slightly different representations, much of the core information will be the same.…”

Section: Equivalence Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts and Categorization

Goldstone

Kersten

Carvalho

2003

Handbook of Psychology

102

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Whenever people think of an object as something (e.g. that Fido is a dog, a pet, or loyal), they are categorizing it using their internal concepts. A concept is a mental representation that allows different things to be treated equivalently for some purpose. People learn concepts to facilitate communication, to make useful predictions about their world, to create mental building blocks for expressing more sophisticated thoughts, and to form efficient representations for objects and situations. We discuss five approaches to how concepts are learned and represented: rules, prototypes, exemplars, category boundaries, and theories. Whereas some of these approaches leave the impression that concepts are isolated mental structures, connections between concepts are also critically important. We discuss connections between concepts and perception that link categorization to object recognition and serve to ground concepts in the world. Consistent with this connection, concepts and perceptual processes mutually influence one another. We also describe connections between concepts and language that allow concepts to subserve abstract communication, and for language needs to reciprocally affect concepts. Finally, we predict future directions for concept learning research, including formal computational modeling and educational applications.

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“…This inhibition was not produced in the previous similar study using ordinary words (Ikeda, 1993). The results of the present study suggested an English word ignored is automatically phonetically processed.Key words: English words, Japanese words, lexical representation, conceptual representation, Japanese university studentsIn the studies of bilingualism, both the lexical representation in the lexicon and the conceptual representation in the semantic memory were assumed (Potter, So, Von Eckardt, & Feldman, 1984;Snodgrass, 1984). A word is represented as a lexical representation in the lexicon which is a device in processing a word based on its sound and spelling, on the other hand, as a concept representation in the semantic memory which is a device in processing a word based on its meaning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the studies of bilingualism, both the lexical representation in the lexicon and the conceptual representation in the semantic memory were assumed (Potter, So, Von Eckardt, & Feldman, 1984;Snodgrass, 1984). A word is represented as a lexical representation in the lexicon which is a device in processing a word based on its sound and spelling, on the other hand, as a concept representation in the semantic memory which is a device in processing a word based on its meaning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Processing of English Words Ignored in Japanese University Students

Ikeda

2004

PSYCHOLOGIA -An International Journal of Psychological Sciences

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The present study aimed to examine to what extent an English word ignored is processed. The subjects were required to name the category of a target word, ignoring a distracting word. Although the English and Japanese words used in the present study were similar in sound, they were different in script. The results showed that inhibition was produced in categorizing a Japanese target word even when an English word was used as a distracting word. This inhibition was not produced in the previous similar study using ordinary words (Ikeda, 1993). The results of the present study suggested an English word ignored is automatically phonetically processed.Key words: English words, Japanese words, lexical representation, conceptual representation, Japanese university studentsIn the studies of bilingualism, both the lexical representation in the lexicon and the conceptual representation in the semantic memory were assumed (Potter, So, Von Eckardt, & Feldman, 1984;Snodgrass, 1984). A word is represented as a lexical representation in the lexicon which is a device in processing a word based on its sound and spelling, on the other hand, as a concept representation in the semantic memory which is a device in processing a word based on its meaning. If the subjects are presented a word and required to process the word semantically, the processing pathway of the word from the lexicon to the semantic memory has to be passed (Glaser & Glaser, 1989).Some previous studies of bilingualism examined whether the two languages maintain a single integrated semantic memory (Caramazza & Brones, 1980;Chen & Ng, 1989;Guttentag, Haith, Goodman, & Hauch, 1984;Ikeda, 1993). An example of such a study is that of Guttentag et al. (1984). They presented a target word surrounded above and below by flanker words, and required the subjects to press one of the two keys depending on the category of the target word, ignoring the flanker words. The results showed that the reaction time to the target words was affected by the semantic relationship between the flankers and the targets even when the targets and flankers were written in different languages. The results implied a common semantic memory between the two languages.Ikeda (1993) examined the semantic processing of English and Japanese words (e.g., リンゴ [apple], キツネ [fox]) which were different in sound and script, using the wordword categorizing task (Stroop-like-task). In this task, the subjects were required to tell the category of a target word, ignoring a distracting word. When the reaction time to the

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Concepts and their surface representations

Cited by 211 publications

References 21 publications

Are Arabic numerals processed as pictures in a Stroop interference task?

Are Arabic numerals processed as pictures in a Stroop interference task?

Concepts and Categorization

The Processing of English Words Ignored in Japanese University Students

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