Concepts in the Prevention of Adenocarcinoma of the Distal Esophagus and Proximal Stomach

Souza, Rhonda F.; Spechler, Stuart J.

doi:10.3322/canjclin.55.6.334

Cited by 80 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Mediating their effects through reflux oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus (Souza and Spechler, 2005), these factors appear less relevant for AGC, as demonstrated by a recent meta-analysis of overweight as a risk factor for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, which, in marked contrast to ACO, found only a marginally increased risk of AGC from obesity (Hampel et al, 2005). Studies of H pylori infection in AGC also failed to find a significant relationship (Hansen et al, 1999;Wu et al, 2003;Gulmann et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Trends in the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and cardia in the Netherlands 1989–2003

et al. 2007

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Over the 15-year period 1989 -2003, the incidence of oesophagus -cardia adenocarcinoma in the Netherlands rose annually by 2.6% for males and 1.2% for females. This was the net outcome of annual increases in the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus (ACO) of 7.2% for males and 3.5% for females and annual declines in the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia (AGC) of more than 1% for both genders. Nonlinear cohort patterns were found in females with ACO and for both genders in AGC; a nonlinear period pattern was observed only in males with AGC. These differing epidemiological patterns for ACO and AGC do not support a common aetiology. Proposed underlying factors for the rise in ACO incidence appear to have little effect on AGC incidence. This and the secular decline in smoking among males may have led to the decline in AGC incidence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Trends in the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and cardia in the Netherlands 1989–2003

et al. 2007

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“…However, it is often difficult to differentiate whether an adenocarcinoma originated in the distal oesophagus or in the gastro-oesophageal junction and gastric cardia (165) . The problem of proper organ assignment of the clinically-apparent cancer may have influenced the epidemiological findings and may also have contributed to the idea that oesophageal adenocarcinomas share time trends and common risk factors with adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia (166) . Further, in contrast to squamous cell carcinomas, the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinomas has been increasing in Western societies during previous decades (167) .…”

Section: Obesity and Oesophageal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and cancer

2008

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The prevalence of obesity, defined as a BMI of ‡ 30 . 0 kg/m 2 , has increased substantially over previous decades to about 20 % in industrialized countries, and a further increase is expected in the future. Epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is a risk factor for: postmenopausal breast cancer; cancers of the endometrium, colon and kidney; malignant adenomas of the oesophagus. Obese subjects have an approximately 1 . 5-3 . 5-fold increased risk of developing these cancers compared with normal-weight subjects, and it has been estimated that between 15 and 45 % of these cancers can be attributed to overweight (BMI 25 . 0-29 . 9 kg/m 2 ) and obesity in Europe. More recent studies suggest that obesity may also increase the risk of other types of cancer, including pancreatic, hepatic and gallbladder cancer. The underlying mechanisms for the increased cancer risk as a result of obesity are unclear and may vary by cancer site and also depend on the distribution of body fat. Thus, abdominal obesity as defined by waist circumference or waist :hip ratio has been shown to be more strongly related to certain cancer types than obesity as defined by BMI. Possible mechanisms that relate obesity to cancer risk include insulin resistance and resultant chronic hyperinsulinaemia, increased production of insulin-like growth factors or increased bioavailability of steroid hormones. Recent research also suggests that adipose tissue-derived hormones and cytokines (adipokines), such as leptin, adiponectin and inflammatory markers, may reflect mechanisms linked to tumourigenesis. Obesity: Cancer risk: Cancer site: Body fat distributionThe prevalence of obesity has increased substantially over previous decades in most industrialized countries, and a further increase is expected in the future

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“…This glandular mucosa can undergo neoplastic transformation to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). EAC is usually detected at a late, symptomatic stage when the cancer has metastasized, resulting in a dismal 5-year survival rate of 15-20% [120]. Two problems exist in managing BE.…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoscopic optical coherence tomography: technologies and clinical applications [Invited]

Gora¹,

Suter²,

Tearney³

et al. 2017

Biomed. Opt. Express

262

203

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Abstract:In this paper, we review the current state of technology development and clinical applications of endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT). Key design and engineering considerations are discussed for most OCT endoscopes, including side-viewing and forwardviewing probes, along with different scanning mechanisms (proximal-scanning versus distalscanning). Multi-modal endoscopes that integrate OCT with other imaging modalities are also discussed. The review of clinical applications of endoscopic OCT focuses heavily on diagnosis of diseases and guidance of interventions. Representative applications in several organ systems are presented, such as in the cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems. A brief outlook of the field of endoscopic OCT is also discussed. References and links 1. T. Cao and H. L. Tey, "High-definition optical coherence tomography -an aid to clinical practice and research in dermatology," J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges. 13(9), 886-890 (2015). 2. J. Olsen, L. Themstrup, and G. B. Jemec, "Optical coherence tomography in dermatology," G. Ital. Dermatol.Venereol. 150(5), 603-615 (2015). 3. M. Ulrich, L. Themstrup, N. de Carvalho, M. Manfredi, C. Grana, S. Ciardo, R. Kästle, J. Holmes, R.Whitehead, G. B. Jemec, G. Pellacani, and J. Welzel, "Dynamic Optical Coherence Tomography in Dermatology," Dermatology (Basel) 232(3), 298-311 (2016). 4. G. J. Tearney, S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, M. E. Brezinski, N. J. Weissman, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Scanning single-mode fiber optic catheter-endoscope for optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 21(7), 543-545 (1996). 5. A. M. Rollins, R. Ung-Arunyawee, A. Chak, R. C. K. Wong, K. Kobayashi, M. V. Sivak, Jr., and J. A. Izatt, "Real-time in vivo imaging of human gastrointestinal ultrastructure by use of endoscopic optical coherence tomography with a novel efficient interferometer design," Opt. Lett. 24(19), 1358-1360 (1999). 6. M. V. Sivak, Jr., K. Kobayashi, J. A. Izatt, A. M. Rollins, R. Ung-Runyawee, A. Chak, R. C. Wong, G. A.Isenberg, and J. Willis, "High-resolution endoscopic imaging of the GI tract using optical coherence tomography," Gastrointest. Endosc. 51(4), 474-479 (2000). 7. J. Xi, A. Zhang, Z. Liu, W. Liang, L. Y. Lin, S. Yu, and X. Li, "Diffractive catheter for ultrahigh-resolution spectral-domain volumetric OCT imaging," Opt. Lett. 39(7), 2016-2019 (2014). 8. P. H. Tran, D. S. Mukai, M. Brenner, and Z. Chen, "In vivo endoscopic optical coherence tomography by use of a rotational microelectromechanical system probe," Opt. Lett. 29(11), 1236-1238 (2004). Goodnow, and C. Petersen, "Micromotor endoscope catheter for in vivo, ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography," Opt. Lett. 29(19), 2261-2263 (2004). 10. T.-H. Tsai, B. Potsaid, Y. K. Tao, V. Jayaraman, J. Jiang, P. J. S. Heim, M. F. Kraus, C. Zhou, J. Hornegger, H.Mashimo, A. E. Cable, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Ultrahigh speed endoscopic optical coherence tomography using micromotor imaging catheter and VCSEL technology," Biomed. Opt. Express 4(7), 1119-11...

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Concepts in the Prevention of Adenocarcinoma of the Distal Esophagus and Proximal Stomach

Cited by 80 publications

References 152 publications

Trends in the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and cardia in the Netherlands 1989–2003

Trends in the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and cardia in the Netherlands 1989–2003

Obesity and cancer

Endoscopic optical coherence tomography: technologies and clinical applications [Invited]

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