Concepts of economic integration in Austria during the twentieth century

Bruckmüller, Ernst; Sandgruber, Roman

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511497575.009

Cited by 5 publications

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“…This pattern over time corresponds to a political historiography which stresses the rise in intra-empire national conflict from the late 1880s and, for instance, the political deadlock between Czechs and Germans from the early 1890s (Berend, 2003;Kornish, 1949;Sked, 2001), as much as recent research on intra-state economic nationalism which emphasizes the growing significance of ethnic mobilization and antagonism during the 1890s (Bruckmüller and Sandgruber, 2003;Jaworski, 2004;Lorenz, 2006). The effect of geographical distance decreases over time -as do the city-specific effects (not reported).…”

Section: Main Results: the Emerging Bordermentioning

confidence: 72%

“…In his study of rural cooperatives in Galicia, Struve (2006: 229) identifies a key feature that applies not only to the specific case he investigates but more broadly to the late nineteenth century nation-building efforts that evolved within the multi-ethnic Habsburg setting: '(…) different nation-building projects competed with one another'. This 'competition', the evidence suggests, acquired an increasingly exclusionary quality - Bruckmüller and Sandgruber's (2003) 'self-integrating national communities' were indeed alive and ventured to keep 'others' out. The impact of ethno-linguistic networks was, in turn, magnified by the general process of integration due to declining transport costs.…”

Section: What Role For Ethno-linguistic Network?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the origins of border effects: insights from the Habsburg Empire

Schulze¹,

Wolf²

2008

Journal of Economic Geography

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What are the origins of border effects on trade and why do borders continue to matter in periods of increasing economic integration? We explore the hypothesis that border effects emerged as a result of asymmetric economic integration in the unique historical setting of the multinational Habsburg Empire prior to the First World War. While markets tended to integrate mainly due to improved infrastructure, ethno-linguistic networks had persistent trade diverting effects. We find that the political borders which separated the empire's successor states after the First World War became visible in the economy from the mid-1880s onwards, already 25-30 years before the First World War. This effect of a 'border before a border' cannot be explained by factors such as administrative barriers, physical geography, changes in infrastructure or patterns of integration with neighbouring regions outside of the Habsburg customs and monetary union. However, controlling for the changing ethno-linguistic composition of the population across the regional capital cities of the empire does explain most of the estimated border effects.

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Section: Main Results: the Emerging Bordermentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: What Role For Ethno-linguistic Network?mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the origins of border effects: insights from the Habsburg Empire

Schulze¹,

Wolf²

2008

Journal of Economic Geography

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“…27 27 Eddie, ‘Economic policy’, pp. 814–22; Bruckmüller and Sandgruber, ‘Concepts of economic integration’, p. 160. …”

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confidence: 99%

“…49 49 Bruckmüller and Sandgruber, ‘Concepts of economic integration’; Jaworski, ‘Zwischen ökonomischer Interessenvertretung’; Lorenz, ‘Introduction’. …”

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Economic nationalism and economic integration: the Austro‐Hungarian Empire in the late nineteenth century ¹

Schulze

Wolf

2011

The Economic History Review

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. This paper seeks to reconcile two seemingly contradictory strands in the literature on economic development in the late nineteenth century Habsburg Empire -one emphasizing the centrifugal impact of rising intra-empire of nationalism, the other stressing significant improvements in market integration across the empire. We argue that the process of market integration was systematically asymmetric, shaped by intensifying intra-empire nationality conflicts. While grain markets in Austria-Hungary became overall more integrated over time, they also became systematically biased: regions with a similar ethno-linguistic composition of their population came to display significantly smaller price gaps between each other than regions with different compositions. The emergence and persistence of this differential integration cannot be explained by changes in infrastructure and transport costs, simple geographical features or asymmetric integration with neighbouring regions abroad. Instead, differential integration along ethno-linguistic lines was driven by the formation of ethnolinguistic networks. Finally, the analysis shows that the emerging pre-war regional integration patterns -shaped by nationalist sentiment -effectively anticipated the post-war settlement: the fault lines along which the Habsburg Empire was to break up eventually are evident in the price data about a quarter of a century or so before the outbreak of the First World War. Terms of use: Documents inJEL Code: F15, J15, N13.

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On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles

Wolf¹,

Schulze²,

Heinemeyer³

2011

J. Econ. Hist.

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The First World War radically altered the political landscape of Central Europe. The new borders after 1918 are typically viewed as detrimental to the region's economic integration and development. We argue that this view lacks historical perspective. It fails to take into account that the new borders followed a pattern of economic fragmentation that had emerged during the late nineteenth century. We estimate the effects of the new borders on trade and find that the “treatment effects” of these borders were quite limited. There is strong evidence that border changes occurred systematically along barriers which existed already before 1914.

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Concepts of economic integration in Austria during the twentieth century

Cited by 5 publications

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On the origins of border effects: insights from the Habsburg Empire

On the origins of border effects: insights from the Habsburg Empire

Economic nationalism and economic integration: the Austro‐Hungarian Empire in the late nineteenth century ¹

On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles

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Concepts of economic integration in Austria during the twentieth century

Cited by 5 publications

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On the origins of border effects: insights from the Habsburg Empire

On the origins of border effects: insights from the Habsburg Empire

Economic nationalism and economic integration: the Austro‐Hungarian Empire in the late nineteenth century 1

On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles

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Economic nationalism and economic integration: the Austro‐Hungarian Empire in the late nineteenth century ¹