Conceptual design of a CO2 capture and utilisation process based on calcium and magnesium rich brines

Gálvez‐Martos, José‐Luis; Elhoweris, Ammar; Morrison, Jennie; Alhorr, Yousef

doi:10.1016/j.jcou.2018.07.011

Cited by 41 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Thermodynamic data (from literature sources) for nesquehonite (MgCO 3. 3H 2 O), hydromagnesite (Mg 5 (CO 3 ) 4 (OH) 2 ·4H 2 O), dolomite ((Ca 0.5 Mg 0.5 )CO 3 ), monohydrocalcite (CaCO 3 .H 2 O), and an iron–calcium carbonate solid-solution model ((Ca,Fe)CO 3 ) were added to the database. Thermodynamic data for metastable nesquehonite and hydromagnesite were also included as potential magnesium carbonate phases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Simulations Reveal the Carbon Dioxide Removal Potential of a Process That Mineralizes Industrial Waste Streams via an Ion Exchange-Based Regenerable pH Swing

Bustillos

Prentice

Plante

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The sequestration of CO 2 within stable mineral carbonates (e.g., CaCO 3 ) represents an attractive emissionsreduction strategy because it offers an energy efficient, environmentally benign, and leakage-free alternative to geological storage. However, the pH levels of aqueous streams equilibrated with CO 2containing gas streams (pH ∼ 4) are lower than the pH required for carbonate precipitation (pH > 8). Thus, the use of regenerable ion exchange materials is proposed to induce alkalinity in CO 2containing aqueous streams to achieve the pH required for mineralization without the addition of expensive stoichiometric reagents such as caustic soda (e.g., NaOH). Herein, geochemical and process-modeling software was used to identify the optimum thermodynamic conditions and to quantify the energy intensity and CO 2 reduction potential of a process that sequesters CO 2 (dissolved in wastewater) as solid calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ). CaCO 3 yields were maximized when the initial calcium to CO 2 ratio in the aqueous phase was 1:1. The energy intensity of the process (0.22−2.10 MW•h/t of CO 2 removed) was dependent on the concentration of CO 2 in the gas phase (i.e., 5−50 vol %) and the produced water composition, with the nanofiltration and reverse osmosis steps used to recover magnesium and sodium ions requiring the most energy (0.07−0.80 MW•h/t of CO 2 removed). Energy consumption was minimized under conditions where CaCO 3 yields were maximized for all produced water compositions and CO 2 concentrations. The ratio of net CO 2 to gross CO 2 removal for the process ranged from 0.05 to 0.90, indicating a net CO 2 reduction across all conditions studied. The results from these studies indicate that ion exchange processes can be used as alternatives to the addition of stoichiometric bases to provide alkalinity for the precipitation of CaCO 3 at the CO 2 concentrations studied, thereby opening a pathway toward sustainable and economic mineralization processes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Simulations Reveal the Carbon Dioxide Removal Potential of a Process That Mineralizes Industrial Waste Streams via an Ion Exchange-Based Regenerable pH Swing

Bustillos

Prentice

Plante

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…The effect on H + uptake capacity in a ternary system composed of CO 2 -NaCl-CaCl 2 was quantified to examine the effect of high NaCl concentrations on the H + capacities. In systems containing large NaCl concentrations and small CaCl 2 concentrations (i.e., typical produced waters), Ca 2+ cation uptake may be inhibited because of the larger concentration gradient of the monovalent cations present (Galvez-Martos et al, 2018). Figure 5 shows the effect of Ca 2+ on H + capacities.…”

Section: H + Exchange In the Presence Of Na + And Ca 2+mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Ion Exchange Processes for Carbon Dioxide Mineralization Using Industrial Waste Streams

et al. 2020

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Sequestration of CO2 within stable mineral carbonates (e.g., CaCO3) represents an attractive emission reduction strategy because it offers a leakage-free alternative to geological storage of CO2 in an environmentally benign form. However, the pH of aqueous streams equilibrated with gaseous streams containing CO2 (pH < 4) are typically lower than that which is required for carbonate precipitation (pH > 8). Traditionally, alkalinity is provided by a stoichiometric reagent (e.g., NaOH) which renders these processes environmentally hazardous and economically unfeasible. This work investigates the use of regenerable ion-exchange materials to induce alkalinity in CO2-saturated aqueous solutions such that the pH shift required for mineralization occurs without the need for stoichiometric reagents. Na+-H+ exchange isotherms (at [H+] = 10−8–10−1 M) and rates were measured for 13X and 4A zeolites and TP-207 and TP-260 organic exchange resins in batch equilibrium and fixed-bed exchange experiments, respectively. At solutions equilibrated with CO2 at 1.0 atm (pH = 3.9), H+ exchange capacities for the materials were similar (1.7–2.4 mmol H+/g material) and resulted in pH increases from 3.9 to greater than 8.0. Multi-component mixtures using Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations (at 10−3–10−1 M) in CO2-saturated water were used to probe competitive ion exchange. The presence of divalent cations in solution inhibited H+ exchange, reducing capacities to as low as 0.2 mmol H+/g for both resins and zeolites. Dynamic H+ exchange capacities in fixed-bed ion exchange columns were similar to equilibrium values for resins (∼1.5 mmol/g) and zeolites (∼0.8 mmol/g) using inlet solutions that were equilibrated with gaseous streams of CO2 at 1.0 atm. However, exchange kinetics were limited by intraparticle diffusion as indicated by the increased rate parameters with increasing inlet flow rates (20–160 cm3 min−1). Experimental calcite precipitation from mixing the alkaline CO32−-rich water solution obtained from the ion-exchange column with a simulated liquid waste stream solution achieved thermodynamic maximum yields. The results from these studies indicate that ion exchange processes can be used as an alternative to the addition of stoichiometric bases to induce alkalinity for the precipitation of CaCO3, thereby opening a pathway toward sustainable and economic mineralization processes.

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“…Furthermore, some lower-emission technologies could be applied to the desalination plants like hybrid systems (e.g. solar photovoltaic cells with wind energy, nanofiltration and ultrafiltration for pre-treatment, electrodialysis and reverse osmosis, forward osmosis with nanofiltration) [38,87] or even some future CCU (Carbon Capture and Utilization) technologies to re-use the CO 2 with the brine produced in the plant to produce carbonates after a mineralization process [88][89][90][91][92]. Recently, in this line, Namany et al [93] using a holistic energy, water, and food (EWF) nexus approach in Qatar, found that diversifying the energy and water mix by introducing more than 70% of renewable energy technologies and utilizing reverse osmosis would decrease the environmental impact of this process by 60% from these two sectors.…”

Section: Table 6 Total Emissions and Difference In The Emissions Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Can a shift to regional and organic diets reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the food system? A case study from Qatar

Vicente-Vicente

Piorr

2021

Carbon Balance Manage

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Background Qatar is one of the countries with the highest carbon (C) footprints per capita in the world with an increasing population and food demand. Furthermore, the international blockade by some countries that is affecting Qatar—which has been traditionally a highly-dependent country on food imports—since 2017 has led the authorities to take the decision of increasing food self-sufficiency. In this study we have assessed the effect on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of shifting diets from conventional to organic products and from import-based diets to more regionalized diets for the first time in a Gulf country. Results We found that considering the production system, the majority of the emissions come from the animal products, but the differences between conventional and organic diets are very small (738 and 722 kg CO2-eq capita−1 year−1, of total emissions, respectively). Conversely, total emissions from plant-based products consumption might be around one order of magnitude smaller, but the differences in the emissions between the organic and conventional systems were higher than those estimated for animal products, leading to a decrease in 44 kg CO2-eq capita−1 year−1 when changing from 100% conventional to 50% of organic consumption of plant-based products. Regarding the shift to regionalized diets, we found that packaging has a small influence on the total amount of GHG emissions, whereas emissions from transportation would be reduced in around 450 kg CO2 capita−1 year−1 when reducing imports from 100 to 50%. Conclusions However, these results must be read carefully. Due to the extreme adverse pedoclimatic conditions of the country, commercial organic regional livestock would not be possible without emitting very high GHG emissions and just only some traditional livestock species may be farmed in a climate-friendly way. On the other hand, organic and regional low-CO2 emission systems of plant-based products would be possible by implementing innovations in irrigation or other innovations whose GHG emissions must be further studied in the future. Therefore, we conclude that shifting towards more plant-based organic regional consumption by using climate-friendly irrigation is a suitable solution to both increasing self-sufficiency and reducing C footprint. We encourage national authorities to including these outcomes into their environmental and food security policies.

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Conceptual design of a CO2 capture and utilisation process based on calcium and magnesium rich brines

Cited by 41 publications

References 18 publications

Process Simulations Reveal the Carbon Dioxide Removal Potential of a Process That Mineralizes Industrial Waste Streams via an Ion Exchange-Based Regenerable pH Swing

Process Simulations Reveal the Carbon Dioxide Removal Potential of a Process That Mineralizes Industrial Waste Streams via an Ion Exchange-Based Regenerable pH Swing

Implementation of Ion Exchange Processes for Carbon Dioxide Mineralization Using Industrial Waste Streams

Can a shift to regional and organic diets reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the food system? A case study from Qatar

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