In recent years, interest in heat recovery systems for building applications has resurged due to concerns about the energy crisis and global climate changes. This review presents current developments in four kinds of heat recovery systems for residential building applications. A extensive investigation into the heat recovery integrated in energy-saving systems of residential buildings is also covered, including passive systems for building components, mechanical/natural ventilation systems, dehumidification systems, and the thermoelectric module (TE) system. Based on this review, key issues have been identified as follows: (1) The combination of heat recovery and energy-efficient systems could be considered as a promising approach to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and make residential buildings meet high performance and comfort requirements. However, real-life evaluation of these systems with economic analysis is insufficient; (2) When heat recovery is applied to mechanical ventilation systems, issues such as pressure leakages and air shortcuts should be addressed; (3) The heat pipe heat recovery system enjoys more potential in being combined with other sustainable technologies such as thermoelectric modules and solar energy systems due to its advantages, which include handy manufacturing and convenient maintenance, a lack of cross contamination, and greater thermal conductance.Energies 2019, 12, 1285 2 of 22 to Cuce et al., heat recovery systems are regarded as a greatly promising technology because of their ability to provide significant energy savings for residential buildings [6].The purpose of this review is partly to summarize the current development of heat recovery systems for residential building applications, including their normal types, characteristics, and technical energy-saving possibilities, and partly to discuss the application of heat recovery in energy-efficient systems of buildings, including heat recovery combined with passive systems, mechanical ventilation systems, dehumidification systems, and thermoelectric module (TE) systems of buildings. Finally, a summary and outlook of these systems will be presented.
The Definition of Heat Recovery SystemsHeat recovery is often referred to as a device operating between two air sources at different temperatures which transfers energy from one side to the other. In other words, it is based on preheating the incoming air to the interior through recycled waste heat. In general, heat recovery systems could be classified into sensible heat recovery and enthalpy heat recovery. Because of its ability to recover both the sensible heat and the latent heat, enthalpy heat exchangers have a better sustainability effect because of the large proportion of the wet load in the ventilation system and the requirements of the indoor air humidity for modern buildings.A representative heat exchanger system in residential buildings is usually composed of a heat exchanger core, a fresh air inlet and separate contaminated air exhaust outlet, and a fan, as shown in Figure 1...