Conceptualising eco-violence: moving beyond the multiple labelling of water and agricultural resource conflicts in the Sahel

Olumba, Ezenwa E.; Nwosu, Bernard; Okpaleke, Francis N.; Okoli, Rowland Chukwuma

doi:10.1080/01436597.2022.2083601

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Consequently, remaining West African vulture populations already affected by large-scale habitat loss also contend with steep reductions in carrion, on which many depend for food (Thiollay 2006b). Furthermore, increasing numbers of cattle in many West African countries and protected areas, which are associated with ongoing immigration of nomadic herding communities from the Sahel (Olumba et al 2022), heightens risks to vultures from poisoning with diclofenac and other veterinary drugs (Naidoo et al 2009).…”

Section: Abundancia Y Ecolog íA Reproductiva De Buitres En Peligro Cr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance and Breeding Ecology of Critically Endangered Vultures in Mole National Park, Ghana

Goded,

Annorbah,

Boissier

et al. 2023

Journal of Raptor Research

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Vultures are among the most threatened species in Africa, with several critically endangered species surviving mainly or only in protected areas. West African vulture declines are correlated with steep losses of natural habitat and mammalian wildlife. Major factors driving vulture extirpations include wildlife trade for traditional medicine, belief-based rituals, and bushmeat. Current data on vulture abundance and breeding ecology are crucial for conservation but lacking in many countries, including Ghana. Between 2020 and 2022, we conducted 761 km of surveys for critically endangered vultures in Mole National Park (Mole NP), a 4840 km2 protected savanna in northern Ghana. Using our count data, we estimated populations of 29–36 Hooded Vultures (Necrosyrtes monachus), 25–73 White-backed Vultures (Gyps africanus), and 3–4 White-headed Vultures (Trigonoceps occipitalis) in the southern region of Mole NP. We also documented 17 occupied vulture nests, including six Hooded Vulture nests, 10 White-backed Vulture nests, and one White-headed Vulture nest. Our findings include the first nest records for Hooded Vultures in Mole NP, the first nest description of White-backed Vultures in Ghana, and the first nest records for White-headed Vultures in Ghana, confirming the importance of Mole NP for conserving critically endangered vultures. Reducing poaching, preventing the killing of vultures for wildlife trade, and protecting vulture habitat and food resources will be paramount to the survival of critically endangered vultures in Ghana and West Africa.

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Section: Abundancia Y Ecolog íA Reproductiva De Buitres En Peligro Cr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance and Breeding Ecology of Critically Endangered Vultures in Mole National Park, Ghana

Goded,

Annorbah,

Boissier

et al. 2023

Journal of Raptor Research

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“…Politics and attempts to manipulate the conflicts must, therefore, stop to enjoy sustainable peace in conflicts-ridden communities (Gleditsch and Urdal, 2002). Olumba et al (2022) held there is more to the relationship between human environment and herder-farmers conflicts. Environment and scarcity of resources, Olumba stated, might not necessarily result in large-scale killings unless political leaders played politics with the management of the issues.…”

Section: Ecoviolence Model Of Herder-farmers Conflicts In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the dramatic changes in the climatic conditions of the 21st century, most farmers had no choice but to move to the South, where they could see good vegetation to cater for their cattle (Olumba et al , 2022). The result of this movement is uncoordinated movement cattle on the farmlands of sedentary farmers who hitherto were receptive to the ideas of open grazing and cattle colony that the Federal Government of Nigeria had nursed as solutions to the problem of herders and farmers.…”

Section: Land Use Act 1978 Native and Settlers Questions And Conflict...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Olumba et al (2022) held there is more to the relationship between human environment and herder–farmers conflicts. Environment and scarcity of resources, Olumba stated, might not necessarily result in large-scale killings unless political leaders played politics with the management of the issues.…”

Section: Ecoviolence Model Of Herder–farmers Conflicts In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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State responses to herder–farmers conflict and peace-building in rural grazing areas of Nigeria

Muhammed,

Adisa,

Ayodele

et al. 2023

JACPR

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Purpose Conflicts between herders and farmers in Nigeria in the last five years have been destructive to the corporate existence of Nigerian society and the Nigerian State, especially in Northcentral, Northwestern and Southern Nigeria. This paper aims to investigate the relationships between state responses and peace-building in rural grazing communities in Nigeria using a National Survey on Peace-building in Nigeria conducted by this team using a cross-sectional survey of 1,711 farmers and herders. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted the political economy of the herder–farmers conflict in Africa to contextualise the problem. Data generated from the study were analysed using chi-square test and binary logistic regression model. Findings The results showed that protection of victims of herder–farmers conflict (P = 0.024), blockage of sources of illicit weapons (P = 0.000), arrest of leaders (P = 0.043), provision of shelter (P = 0.030), provision of food (P = 0.037), protection of women from sexual exploitation and abuse (P = 0.019) and use of the media were positively related to peace-building in the rural grazing areas. The study further found that when the Federal Government (ß= 0.452, P = 0.018), State Government (ß= 0.522, P = 0.018), private individuals (ß = 0.855, P = 0.000) and cooperative societies (ß = 0.744, P = 0.021) established ranches, peace was likely to be guaranteed as opposed to where herders (ß= –0.355, P= 0.029) were allowed to establish ranches in the rural grazing communities in Nigeria implying that the Federal and State Government must be cautious in the implementation of the Livestock Transformation Plans not to create an impression that it is designed to favour the herders. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is original and the paper has not been submitted to any journal.

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“…Conflicts over natural resources have been labeled in various dimensions as herders-farmers conflict (Ojo, 2020), eco-violence (Olumba et al, 2022), and pastoralists-farmers conflict (Ajala, 2020). These hostilities have occurred across Africa, including in Nigeria, where resource competition and access to natural resources remain a contention issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate‐related armed conflict and communities' resistance to Rural Grazing Area settlement policy in Nigeria's Middlebelt

Ojo

2023

Conflict Resolution Qtrly

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In Nigeria, resource contests have sparked unending ecological conflict. As a result, conflict resolution measures have been proposed to mitigate climate‐related conflict. However, the acceptance of such policies is hampered by ethnic suspicions, communities' exclusion, religious sensitivities, and a lack of political will. State policies are frequently based on centralized resources, which is exacerbated by the complexities of power relations between central and sub‐national authorities. Thus, this article examines communities' resistance to the Rural Grazing Area (RUGA) settlement policy in Nigeria's Middlebelt using Benue state as a reference point. The study employed a quantitative method using questionnaires. The study used a sample size of 385 questionnaires administered in Guma, Gwer‐West, Gwer‐East, Ukum, and Logo local governments in Benue state. Therefore, the article found that the failure of communities' inclusivity substantially contributed to the local revolt against the RUGA settlement policy. Specifically, the study's findings demonstrate that the possibility of losing ancestral lands, the past experience of the host communities, ethnic and political factors, and poor policy awareness were the primary factors that reinforced communities' resistance to RUGA policy. Moreover, the government's over‐reliance on an authoritarian mechanism and wrong policy choices compounded by a non‐inclusive approach contributed to policy failure to gain acceptability at the grassroots level in Benue state. As an intervention, the article recommends democratically inclusive conflict resolution strategies for climate‐related armed conflict in the region.

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Conceptualising eco-violence: moving beyond the multiple labelling of water and agricultural resource conflicts in the Sahel

Cited by 26 publications

References 59 publications

Abundance and Breeding Ecology of Critically Endangered Vultures in Mole National Park, Ghana

Abundance and Breeding Ecology of Critically Endangered Vultures in Mole National Park, Ghana

State responses to herder–farmers conflict and peace-building in rural grazing areas of Nigeria

Climate‐related armed conflict and communities' resistance to Rural Grazing Area settlement policy in Nigeria's Middlebelt

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