Concise review of the glutathione S-transferases and their significance to toxicology

Impact of AhR, CYP1A1 and GSTM1 Genetic Polymorphisms on TP53 R273G Mutations in Individuals Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

“…GSTM1 detoxifies activated forms of chemical carcinogens such as polyaromatic hydrocarbon epoxides. It has been reported that GSTM1 allele is lost in a subset of the general population (Eaton and Bammler, 1999). For example, this gene is deleted in about 50% of Caucasians, with a reported variation of from 38 to 65% (Board et al, 1990).…”

Analysis of selected glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms in Malaysian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without cardiovascular disease

“…The GSTT1 null and GSTT1/ GSTM1 double-null genotypes have been recognized as genetic risk factors, principally through their interaction with current smoking status, exerting a synergistic effect on the development of T2DM and its CVD complications (Doney et al, 2005;Hori et al, 2007). As regulation of GST genes varies significantly between tissues, and diet or mutations in GSTM1 and GSTT1 are able to modulate their expression, it seems difficult to accurately predict the degree to which any GST gene is expressed in a given tissue (Eaton and Bammler, 1999). Pemble et al (1994) reported that approximately 20% of the white population is homozygous for a null variant of GSTT1, which is consistent with our findings (17.3 to 28.3%).…”

“…Polymorphisms in these enzyme-encoding genes have been associated with diseases such as cancer (Forsberg et al, 2001). The composition of GSTs varies between tissues, with particular combinations being expressed, potentially influencing detoxification capability (Eaton and Bammler, 1999).…”

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“…It was reported that the molecular weights of expressed tGSTA subunits were similar to the alpha (α) class GSTs . GSTs are ubiquitous multifunctional enzymes and they play an important role in detoxification of pesticides (Ezemonye and Tongo, 2010); carcinogens like mycotoxin aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) (Eaton and Bammler, 1999). GST has catalyses the addition of glutathione (GSH) to endogenous xenobiotics (Satheesh et al, 2010).…”